1904 


Portland  and 

Rafural 

PpdrauHc 


♦♦♦♦ 


rranklin  Institute  Library 

PHILADELPHIA 

Class6Sl-S  BoohJ-lz^B 

Accession  ■5^'~i;^<D 
REFERENCE 

Given  by  Af r .  C  •  P    Q>  We  l  i 


1  5  1904       .-/^  ^./y 


NOTES  ON 

AMERICAN  CEMENT 


BY 

WM.  G.  HARTRANFT. 


COPLAY  CEMENT  CO. 

WORKS  :    COPLAY,  PA. 
OFFICE:    ALLENTOWN,  PA. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Portland  and  Natural  Hydraulic  Cement. 


COMMERCIAL  WOOD  AND  CEMENT  CO. 
Selling  Agent, 
Girard  Building,  Broad  and  Chestnut  Sts., 
PHILADELPHIA. 
1896. 


INDEX. 


PAGE 


CEMENT    5 

Analysis  of  Saylor's  Portland  Cement   lo 

Letters,  Majors  Gillespie  and  Gilmore   13 

Early  Prejudice  Against  American  Cements   15 

Letter,  Captain  J.  B.  Eads,  Chief  Engineer,  Mississippi 

Jetties   19 

Improved  Anchor  Cement   21 

Tests  on  Improved  Anchor  Cement   21 

Anchor  and  Commercial  Rosendale  Cements   23 

Cooperage   25 

Color  of  Natural  Cement   27 

Tests  on  Saylor's  Portland  Cement  28,  40,  50,  54,  90 

Captain  W.  W.  Maclay's  Paper  on  Use  and  Testing  Port- 
land Cement   29 

D.  P.  Collins'  Paper  on  High  Testing  Cement   33 

Directions  for  Preparing  Portland  Cement   37 

Tests,  St.  Louis  Water  Works   38 

Tests,  Engineering  Department,  Kansas  City,  Mo   42 

Notes  on  Testing   45 

Notes  on  Cement   55 

Tests  on  Saylor's  vs.  Alsen   56 

Tests,  Engineering  Department,  Philadelphia,  1895   48 

Tests,  Engineering  Department,  Philadelphia,  1894   46 

Tests,  Engineering  Department,  Philadelphia,  1893   58 

Tests,  Engineering  Department,  Indianapolis,  Ind   60 

Tests,  Northwestern  Elevated  Railroad,  Chicago,  111....  62 

Tests  on  Commercial  Rosendale  Cement   64 

Tests  on  Commercial  Portland  Cement  92,  94 


INDEX  TO  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

PAGE 


Diploma,  World's  Columbian  Exposition,  Chicago,  1893..  4 

Concrete  Culvert,  Coplay,  Pa   11 

Diploma,  International  Exposition,  Philadelphia,  1876...  12 

Saylor's  Portland  Cement  Works,  Mill  A   14 

Saylor's  Portland  Cement  Works,  Mill  B   16 

Mississippi  Jetties   18 

Stock  House,  Mill  A   20 

Concrete  Stock  House,  Mill  B   20 

Girard  Avenue  Bridge,  Philadelphia   22 

Old  Orchard  Shoal  Light-house,  New  York  Bay   26 

Cement  Steps,  Reading,  Pa   30 

Brooklyn  Bridge   32 

New  York  Concrete  Docks   36 

Concrete  Bridge,  Philadelphia   44 

Cement  Sewer  Pipe   52 

Cement  Pavements   70 

Cement  Steps,  Pottsville,  Pa   74 

Cement  Driveway,  Chester,  Pa   78 

Concrete  Dam,  Shamokin,  Pa   82 

Concrete  Sea  Wall,  League  Island  Navy  Yard   86 

Reading  Paper  Mill's  Dam,  Reading,  Pa   96 


CEMENT. 


The  art  of  making  a  good  hydraulic  lime  or 
cement,  by  the  mixture  of  pozzolana  and  fat  lime, 
as  practiced  so  successfully  by  the  early  Romans, 
seems  to  have  been  lost  at  the  time  the  Roman 
Empire  was  overrun  by  the  Barbarians,  about  300 
A.  D.  For  centuries  afterward,  fat  lime  and 
sand,  although  not  usually  hydraulic,  was  used 
for  all  purposes  requiring  mortar.  In  the  early 
part  of  the  eighteenth  century  we  find  the  want  of 
an  absolutely  reliable  hydraulic  cement  was  felt  all 
over  Europe,  and  many  experiments  were  being  car- 
ried on  to  find  such  a  material. 

The  discovery  of  how  to  make  artificial  lime,  or 
what  is  now  known  as  Portland  Cement,  by  mixing 
lime  and  clay  together,  may  be  said  to  have  taken 
place  in  1757,  with  the  experiments  of  Col.  John 
Smeaton  for  a  hydraulic  mortar  for  use  in  the 
Eddystone  Lighthouse.  The  results  of  these  expe- 
riments are  probably  known  to  most  readers;  how, 
after  finding  that  some  of  the  limes  of  Europe, 
which  contained  traces  of  clay,  showed  a  greater 
tendency  to  harden  under  water  than  the  pure  fat 
limes,  he  made  a  hydraulic  cement  by  adding  a 
percentage  of  ground,  burnt  clay  to  the  fat  lime,  and 


6 


with  this  mortar  built  the  stone  lighthouse  tower 
on  the  most  dangerous  reef  on  the  English  coast.^ 
This  lighthouse  was  completed  and  the  lantern 
lighted,  October  i6,  1759.  This  great  work — the 
greatest  of  its  kind  hitherto  undertaken — remained 
for  1 20  years  a  stable  monument  of  Smeaton's  engi- 
neering skill.  Passengers  on  the  steamers,  now  ply- 
ing along  the  Southern  coast  of  England,  may  yet 
see  the  spar  of  this  lighthouse,  standing  some 
twenty  feet  out  of  water,  along-side  of  the  new 
lighthouse  which  was  erected  in  1879;  the  Smeaton 
Tower  having  been  weakened  at  the  foundations, 
owing  to  the  rocks  on  which  it  was  erected  having 
been  worn  away  by  the  action  of  the  waves. 

Dr.  Michaelis'  Work  on  Hydraulic  Mortar,  pub- 
lished at  Leipsic  in  1869,  says:  ''A  century  has 
elapsed  since  the  celebrated  Smeaton  completed  the 
building  of  the  Eddystone  Lighthouse.  Not  only 
to  sailors,  but  to  the  whole  human  race  is  this 
lighthouse  a  token  of  useful  work.  A  light  on  a 
dark  night,  in  a  scientific  poiht  of  view  it  has  illu- 
minated the  darkness  of  almost  two  hundred  years. 
The  Eddystone  Lighthouse  is  the  foundation  on 
which  our  knowledge  of  hydraulic  mortar  has  been 
erected,  and  it  is  the  chief  pillar  of  modern  archi- 
tecture. Srneaton  freed  us  from  the  fetters  of  tra- 
dition  by  showing  us  that  the  purest  and  hardest  of 


*The  first  lighthouse,  erected  on  the  Eddystone  Reef  in 
1700,  being  of  wood,  was  blown  down ;  the  second,  also  of  wood, 
erected  in  1709,  was  destroyed  by  fire  during  the  year  1755. 


7 


limestones  is  not  the  best,  at  least  for  hydraulic  pur- 
poses, and  that  the  cause  of  hydraulicity  must  be 
sought  for  in  the  argillaceous  mixture." 

Palsey  says  of  Smeaton  in  his  work  dated  1838  : 
''Of  all  the  authors  who  have  investigated  the  prop- 
erties of  calcarious  mortars  and  cements,  from  time 
immemorial  to  the  present  day,  our  countryman, 
Smeaton,  appears  to  have  the  greatest  merit;  for 
although  he  found  no  new  cement  himself,  he  was 
the  first  who  discovered  in,  or  soon  after  the  year 
1756,  that  the  real  cause  of  the  hydraulic  properties 
of  lime  and  cement  consisted  in  a  combination  of 
clay  with  the  carbonate  of  lime." 

Following  Smeaton,  came  other  noted  experi- 
menters, Higgins,  Dobbs,  Vicat,  John,  St.  Ledger; 
following  them,  J.  C.  Aspdin's  patent  of  1824,  for 
the  manufacture  of  what  he  called  Portland  Cement, 
made  by  burning  lime  and  clay  together  in  a  kiln  at 
a  low  degree  of  heat,  until  the  carbonic  acid  gas 
was  expelled  and  afterwards  grinding  the  product  to 
a  fine  powder.  Then  followed  Frost,  who  erected 
the  first  mill  for  manufacturing  Portland  Cement 
near  London  in  1826. 

The  industry  grew  slowly,  without  much  improve- 
ment in  the  quality  of  the  product  until  1855  or 
i860,  when,  owing  to  the  change  in  the  burning, 
whereby  the  mixture  of  lime  and  clay  (silica  and 
alumina)  were  burnt  to  the  point  of  vitrification, 
instead  of  simply  expelling  the  carbonic  acid  gas, 
the  quality  of  the  cement  was  very  much  improved 


8 


and  at  once  asserted  its  superiority  over  the  natural 
cements  made  in  England  (Roman  Cement)  and  the 
United  States  (Rosendale  Cement).  At  that  time 
the  natural  cements  were  manufactured  in  the  same 
way  as  they  are  at  the  present  time,  by  simply  cal- 
cining a  calcarious  limestone,  as  it  is  found  in  nature, 
at  a  low  temperature  and  afterwards  grinding  it  in 
the  same  manner  as  it  is  done  with  the  hard  burnt 
artificial  Portland  Cement  product. 

As  the  manufacture  of  Portland  Cement  began  to 
spread  in  Europe,  small  quantities  were  shipped 
to  this  country  in  about  1865,  and  as  the  importa- 
tions increased  and  the  product  sold  at  from  $5.00 
to  $7.00  per  barrel,  it  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
Natural  Cement  manufacturers  in  this  country  and 
experiments  were  made  with  the  material  found 
here,  but  owing  to  the  lack  of  a  thorough  knowledge 
of  the  materials  and  the  manner  of  handling  them, 
all  efforts  to  profitably  make  a  Portland  Cement 
failed  until  1872.  In  that  year  David  O.  Saylor, 
president  of  the  Coplay  Cement  Co.,  who  had  been 
experimenting  with  the  argillaceous  limestone  found 
at  Coplay,  from  which  they  were  making  a  natural 
cement,  succeeded  in  making  a  Portland  Cement, 
after  various  failures  and  reverses,  together  with  a 
large  expenditure  of  money.  This  Portland  Cement, 
the  first  to  be  manufactured  in  the  United  States  on 
a  paying  commercial  basis,  was  called  Saylor's 
Portland  Cement,"  and  the  quality  was'pronounced 
by  all  authorities  on  cement  as  fully  equal  to  the 


9 


best  of  the  foreign  brands.  The  present  condition 
of  work  done  twenty  years  ago  with  this  cement  is 
excellent  and  has  fully  justified  the  confidence 
placed  in  it  by  the  early  users. 

From  this  time  on  the  growth  of  the  Portland 
Cement  business  became  phenomenal  and  the  use 
of  this  grade  of  cement  has  increased  every  year 
from  fifteen  to  thirty  per  cent.  The  capacit)^  of  the 
Coplay  Cement  Co.'s  works  was  enlarged  year  after 
year  to  meet  the  increased  demand  for  ''Saylor's 
Portland,"  which  immediately  took  a  leading 
place  in  the  cement  trade;  from  one  small  kiln  mak- 
ing only  1800  barrels  in  the  year  1875,  the  plant  has 
been  increased  to  the  capacity  of  400,000  barrels  per 
annum,  and  stands  to-day  the  finest  and  best 
equipped  cement  factory  in  the  world  for  making 
large  quantities  of  the  highest  grade  of  cement. 
The  new  addition,  erected  in  1895,  to  this  plant 
(which  in  itself  has  a  capacity  as  large  as  any  other 
factory  in  the  United  States  and  as  large  as  most  of 
the  foreign  works)  was  completed  after  two  years' 
careful  study  of  all  the  methods  of  burning,  grind- 
ing, and  after  a  personal  inspection  by  Mr.  Chas.  M. 
Saeger,  Superintendent  of  the  Coplay  Cement  Co., 
and  the  writer,  of  all  the  Portland  Cement  Works  in 
Europe. 

It  was  found  that  in  the  European  factories  the 
percentages  of  lime,  silica  and  alumina  were  guaged 
largely  by  the  ''rule  of  the  thumb,"  as  was  done  in 
this  country.    Knowing  the  benefits  to  be  derived 


lO 


from  an  absolutely  uniform  mixture,  the  Coplay 
Cement  Co.  decided  to  place  Automatic  Weighing- 
Machinery  in  their  works  for  gauging  the  raw 
materials,  which  results  in  a  guarantee  to  the  trade, 
of  a  uniform  cement  at  all  times.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  one  factory  in  Denmark,  the  Coplay  Cement 
Co.  is  the  only  company  in  the  world  which  guages 
their  raw  materials  by  the  use  of  Automatic  Scales. 

The  ^'Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  and  the 
''Commercial  Portland  Cement"  are  manufactured 
from  a  mixture  of  argillaceous  limestone  and  pure 
carbonate  of  lime  which  is  found  in  inexhaustible 
quantities  on  the  property  of  the  Coplay  Cement 
Co.  at  Coplay,  Pa.  The  following  is  a  complete 
analysis  of  their  Portland  Cement: 


Silica  (Sol.)  19.67 

Silica  (Insol.)  97 

Alumina   6.93 

Sesq.  Oxide  of  Iron..  .  .  5.41 

Lime  62.79 

Manganese   1.72 

Carbonic  Acid  99 

Sulphur  II 

Phosphoric  Acid  038 

Magnesia,  Oxide   1.16 

Potash  and  Soda  275 


These  elements  are  found  in  the  state  of  Bi-basic 
Silicates  of  Lime  and  Aluminate  of  Lime,  in  which 
condition  they  should  be  found  to  be  a  true  Port- 
land Cement.    ''Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  has 


I  1 

now  been  before  the  public  for  twenty  years,  and 
has  been  subjected  to  the  severest  tests  under  all 
conditions,  and  in  every  case  has  been  pronounced 
by  the  user  as  a  superior  cement. 

We  ask  you  to  read  the  testimonial  letters,  found 
further  on,  they  having  been  selected  from  our  let- 
ter-files and  covering  the  various  work  on  which  our 
cement  has  been  used,  and,  on  this  unimpeachable 
testimony,  covering  a  period  of  twenty  years,  we  base 
our  claim  that  '^Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  is 
unexcelled  for  any  work  requiring  Portland  Cement. 


CONCRETE  CULVERT,    COPLAY,  PA. 

EIGHT  FEET  DIAMETER. 

Built  of  Saylor's  Portland  Cement. 


^3 


UNITED   STATES   ENGINEER'S  OFFICE, 
River  and  Harbor  Improvements  and  Fortifications 
ON  South  Atlantic  Coast. 
Army  Building,  cor.  Houston  and  Greene  Streets. 

New  York,  December  19,  1S76. 
Gentlemen — I  am  well  acquainted  with  "Saylor's  Portland 
Cement,"  having  tested  it  frequently  for  the  manufacturers,  and 
to  some  extent  having  used  it  upon  the  government  works  under 
my  charge.  It  compares  favorably  in  quality  with  the  English 
Portland  Cements  sold  in  the  New  York  market.  I  found  it  on 
exhibition  in  the  "International  Exhibition"  at  Philadelphia. 
There  were  fourteen  Portland  Cements  exhibited,  all  of  which 
were  tested  under  my  direction.  "Saylor's  Cement"  stood 
among  the  five  best  specimens.  I  have  no  hesitation  in  recom- 
mending its  use  where  Portland  Cement  is  required. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Q.  A.  Gilmore, 
Brev't  Maj .-General,  U.  S.  A. 


U.  S.  ENGINEER'S  OFFICE, 
Room  59,  Army  Building. 

New  York,  May  9,  1883. 
Sirs — The  experience  I  have  had  with  your  cement  is  too 
limited  to  enable  me  to  make  you  a  statement  of  any  special  value 
for  publication.  In  making  selection  of  a  cement  for  use  in  the 
construction  of  cement  jetties  to  protect  the  eastern  shore  line 
of  Sandy  Hook,  near  the  fort,  I  desired,  all  other  things  being 
equal,  to  e7icoiLrage  hoine  productio7is,  and  the  tests  furnished  by 
your  company  proving  satisfactory,  I  decided  finally  to  use  your 
brand  called  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement."  My  order  covers 
fifteen  hundred  or  more  barrels ;  of  this  amount  nine  hundred 
barrels  have  been  delivered,  all  of  which  have  proven  of  superior 
quality  and  equal  to  my  requirements.  I  have  not  had  occasion 
so  far  to  reject  a  single  barrel.  I  see  no  reason  why  your  cement 
•should  not  become  a  favorite  brand  in  the  general  market. 

Very  truly,  G.  L.  Gillespie, 

Major  of  Engineers,  Bt.  Lt.  Col.  U.  S.  A. 


i 


^5 


PREJUDICE. 

In  the  early  years,  when  the  Coplay  Cement  Co. 
was  struggling  alone  trying  to  introduce  American 
Portland  Cement,  the  greatest  obstacle  was  preju- 
dice. Not  so  much  from  the  engineer  in  charge  of 
large  work,  as  from  the  small  user  and  large  dealer. 
The  latter,  generally  being  in  close  business  relation 
with  the  importers,  very  often  would  not  try  to  sell 
the  American  product,  or  bring  its  merits  to  the 
notice  of  consumers.  The  engineers  in  charge  of 
large  work,  on  the  other  hand,  cheerfully  investi- 
gated it  and  finding  that  the  raw  material  and  the 
brains  existed  at  the  Saylor's  Portland  Cement 
Plant,  to  make  the  best  grade  of  cement  known, 
readily  permitted  its  use  under  the  same  restric- 
tions as  to  strength  and  fineness,  as  the  Foreign 
Cements. 

Among  the  early  users  of  ^'Saylor's  Portland 
Cement"  were: 

Geo.  S.  Greene,  Jr.,  Engineer  in  Chief,  Dept.  Docks,  New  York. 
Saml.  H.  Wells,        Commissioner,       Dept.  Parks,  New  York. 
Capt.  J.  B.  Eads,      Chief  Engineer,      Mississippi  Jetties. 
E.  L.  Corthell,  Chief  Engineer,      N.  Y.  S.  W.  &  B.  R.  R. 

C.  C.  Martin,  First  Asst.  Engr.  in  charge  of  constructing 

New  York  and  Brooklyn  Bridge. 
Gen.  Q.  A.  Gilmore,  Corps  of  Engrs.,     U.  S.  A. 


Maj.  G.  L.  Gillespie,  Corps  of  Engrs.^ 
J.  C.  Campbell,  Chief  Engineer, 
Edward  Clark,  Architect, 


U.  S.  A. 

Croton  Aqueduct,  N.Y. 
U.  S.  Capitol,  Washings 

ton,  D.  C. 
Tribune  Bldg.,  N.  Y. 


R.  M.  Hunt, 


Architect, 


James  W.  Eaton,  Superintendent,  New Captl.,  Albany,N. Y. 
and  many  others. 

All  of  these  parties  have  many  times  testified 
to  the  merits  of  "  Saylor's  Portland  Cement" 
as  compared  with  the  best  quality  of  Foreign 
Cement,  and  recognized  by  such  authority,  the 
unwarranted  prejudice  has  entirely  disappeared  and 
to-day  the  ^'Saylor's  American  Portland  Cement" 
is  used  largely  on  important  engineering  work  all 
over  this  country,  taking  the  entire  capacity  of  the 
greatly  enlarged  works  to  supply  the  demand  each 
year. 


19 


MISSISSIPPI  JETTIES. 

May  19,  1886. 

Gentlemen — I  have  your  note  of  April  23,  1886,  with  inqui- 
ries concerning  the  condition  of  the  concrete  blocks  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Mississippi,  made  with  your  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement" 
in  1878,  '79.  I  am  glad  to  inform  you  that  these  blocks  show  no 
signs  of  deterioration  whatever,  their  edges  and  angles  being 
still  sharp  and  perfect.  One  mile  of  these  blocks  with  a  parapet 
built  over  them  continuously  were  placed  on  the  East  Jetty,  and 
a  one  half  mile  of  similar  blocks  were  placed  on  the  West  Jetty 
at  the  sea  ends  of  each.  A  portion  of  the  parapet  and  blocks  on 
the  East  Jetty  were  injured  by  a  severe  hurricane  about  a  year 
or  two  after  they  were  built,  but  this  result  was  not  caused  by 
any  inferiority  of  the  cement  or  concrete.  I  consider  it  the  best 
cement  I  have  ever  used. 

Very  truly  yours, 

James  B.  Eads, 

Chief  Engineer, 


UNITED  STATES  ENGINEER  OFFICE. 

Port  Eads,  La.,  February  26,  1894. 
Gentlemen — Replying  to  query  contained  in  your  letter  of 
19th  inst.,  I  would  state  that  for  1,500  feet  from  the  outer  or  sea 
end  of  the  East  Jetty  the  concrete  work  built  by  Captain  Eads  is 
still  intact.  Most  of  the  wall  originally  built,  however,  was 
destroyed  during  storms  in  1882  and  1886,  but  this  was  due  to 
faulty  construction,  the  base  not  being  sufficient  for  the  height, 
the  force  of  the  sea  overturned  the  blocks. 

Very  truly  yours, 
C.  A.  Donovan, 

U.  S.  Assistant  Engineer, 


CONCRETE  STOCK   HOUSE,  MILL  B.      CAPACITY,  40,000  BBLS. 


21 


Improved  Anchor  Cement. 

Improved  Anchor  Cement  is  specially  manu- 
factured for  the  Philadelphia  Department  of  Public 
Works,  1 20,000  barrels  having  been  used  in  build- 
ing sewers  and  bridges  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia 
during  the  years  1894  and  1895. 

This  brand  of  cement  is  superior  to  any  of  the 
Rosendale  or  Natural  Cements  on  the  market,  it 
being  composed  of  a  large  percentage  of  Saylor's 
Portland,  and  has  a  strength  almost  as  great  as  the 
Belgian  and  English  Portland  Cements.  The  follow- 
ing tests  are  taken  from  the  last  annual  report  of 
the  Director  of  Public  Works,  Philadelphia : 

[EXTRACT.] 


R.  L.  Humphrey, 

Inspector  of  Cement. 


Geo.  S.  Webster, 

Chief  Engineer. 

Brand — Improved  Anchor. 

Fineness — Average  98.4  per  cent,  on  a  No.  50  seive. 
No.  of  Briqiiettes  Moulded — 1420. 
Samples  collected  from  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
nine  shipments. 

AVERAGE  TENSILE  STRENGTH,  NEAT  CEMENT. 

AGE  OF  BRIQUETTE.  PER   SQUARE  INCH. 

7  days   232  lbs. 

28    "    327 

2  months   411 


3 
4 
6 
18 
24 


434 
448 
484 

509 
567 


Natural  Cement. 

Anchor  and  Commercial  Rosendale  are  lightly 
burnt,  natural  hydraulic  cements.  These  cements 
are  so  well  known  that  little  more  can  be  said.  For 
a  cheap,  natural  cement,  good  for  public  and 
domestic  requirements,  they  have  no  equal  and  are 
always  preferred  to  the  other  brands. 

They  have  been  extensively  used  on  work  where 
large  bodies  of  .concrete  are  required,  as  well  as  for 
floors,  cisterns,  retaining  walls,  bridge  abutments,  etc. 

In  the  report  of  the  engineer  in  charge  of  the 
Girard  Avenue  Bridge  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (where 
1 5,000  barrels  of  Anchor  Cement  were  used),  he  says 
that  of  all  of  the  different  natural  hydraulic  cements 
experimented  with  and  tested  for  concrete  the 
Anchor  proved  the  strongest  and  most  satisfactory 
in  all  respects. 

The  following  extract  is  from  said  report,  pub- 
lished in  the  Journal  of  the  F'ranklin  Institute,  Phil- 
adelphia, Pa.,  March,  1874  (page  181): 

''The  materials  used  were  Portland,  Rosendale, 
Coplay  Anchor  and  Old  Lehigh  Cements,  sharp 
river  sand,  coarse  screened  gravel  and  broken  fur- 
nace slag.  Of  these,  seventeen  samples,  each  of  a 
different  proportion,  were  carefully  mixed  and  kept 
under  water  thirty  days,  after  which  time  they  were 


24 


tested  with  the  following  result :  The  New  York 
Rosendale  Cement  had  failed  entirely,  perhaps  on 
account  of  its  not  being  fresh  when  used.  Its  quali- 
ties have  lately  been  very  unreliable,  and  it  was 
therefore  rejected.  The  Portland  Cement,  as  was 
expected,  acted  by  far  the  best.  The  Coplay  and 
Old  Lehigh  showed  nearly  equal  strength. 

Later  and  more  careful  comparison  between  the 
Coplay  and  Old  Lehigh  proved  that  the  former  was 
strongest  and  best  adapted  for  subaqueous  work. 

From  the  result,  the  following  material  and 
proportions  were  selected : 

I  part  Anchor. 
I  part  River  Sand. 
4  parts  Furnace  Slag. 

''The  Strength  of  the  Concrete  was  308  pounds 
per  square  inch  after  thirty  days'  immersion  in 
water." 

Record  for  last  year  shows  these  natural  cements 
tested,  neat: 

24  hours.  ...  45  to    70  lbs.  per  square  inch. 

7  days  100  to  i  50  '' 

I  month.  ...  150  to  200  " 

I  year   375  to  400 


25 

Cooperage. 

The  barrels  in  which  these  cements  are  packed 
are  of  the  best  quality,  and  are  manufactured  at  the 
works,  thereby  insuring  a  perfect  barrel. 

All  their  cement  barrels  are  lined  on  the  inside 
by  a  strong  moisture  proof  paper,  which  allows  the 
cement  to  be  kept  in  storage  without  caking  or 
becoming  damaged  by  accidental  exposure. 

They  ship  large  quantities  of  cement  in  bulk, 
also  in  paper,  cotton  and  Burlap  bags,  the  paper 
bags  being  furnished  free  of  charge,  and  the  Burlap 
and  cotton  bags  being  charged  for  at  7  and  10  cents 
respectively ;  the  same  amount  being  credited  when 
they  are  returned  in  good  condition  to  Coplay,  Pa. 

Cement  shipping  in  bulk  is  very  desirable  and 
economical  when  parties  are  situated  to  handle  it  in 
this  condition. 

They  have  arrangements  with  the  railroad  com- 
panies to  furnish  them  with  water-tight  compart- 
ment cars,  and  can  insure  the  safe  arrival  of  any 
consignment. 

Their  shipping  facilities  are  very  perfect  and 
convenient.  The  works  are  located  at  Coplay,  Pa., 
on  the  main  line  of  the  L.  V.  R.  R.,  one  hundred 
miles  west  of  New  York  City,  and  sixty-five  miles 
north  of  Philadelphia. 


26 

Oed  Orchards  Shoal,  Zowtr  S^vo:)\iork  ^ay ,  Jf.y.  ^j^j 


Color  of  Natural  Cement. 

Extract  from  Gen.   Q.  A.  GILMORE'S  work  on  Lime  and 
Cement.    Page  162. 

The  color  of  the  manufactured  cement  being 
due  principally  to  the  presence  of  a  small  quantity 
of  Oxide  of  Iron  and  sometimes  of  Manganese,  or 
to  the  Carbonates  of  these  Oxides,  which  for  all 
practical  purposes  are  conceded  to  be  a  passive 
ingredient  in  hydraulic  mortar,  should  be  a  matter 
of  indifference  to  consumers.  In  fact  the  presence 
of  a  large  proportion  of  the  coloring  principle,  like 
that  of  any  other  inert  substance,  might  be  expected 
to  have  a  tendency  to  deteriorate  the  quality  of  the 
mortar  by  diminishing  the  cohesive  strength  of  the 
cementing  substance,  and,  therefore,  if  taken  into 
consideration  at  all,  ought  at  least  to  direct  suspi- 
cion to  the  darker  varieties. 


28 


CHIEF  ENGINEER'S  OFFICE— AQUEDUCT  COMMIS- 
SIONERS, 

ROOM   213,  STEWART  BUILDING. 

New  York,  Feb.  12,  1894. 
Gentlemen — Herewith  please  find  memorandum 
of  tests  of  Saylor's  Portland  Cement,  as  made  at 
office  of  Reservoir  M.,  Purdy's  Station. 

Yours  truly, 

W.  H.  Spencer,  Chief  Clerk, 

SAYLOR'S  PORTLAND  CEMENT. 


AVERAGE  OF  TEN  BRIQUETTES. 


Fineness — 10,000  meshes  per  square  inch 
Neat  cement,  tensile  strength,    i  day. 
"  "  "         7  days 

28 

Mortar — 2  to  i   7 

3  to  1   7 

"        2  to  1   28 

"        3  to  1   28 


5y%<^o  residue. 
300j^Q  lbs.  per  sq.  inch, 

667A 

744t*o 
318 

214 

449to 


29 


American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers. 

[instituted  1852.] 

Notes  and  Experiments  on  the  Use  and  Testing  of 
Portland  Cement. 

A  Paper  by  WILLIAM  W.  MACLAY,  C.  E.,  Member  of  the 
Society,  for  which  the  Normal  Medal  was 
Awarded  November  7,  1877. 

[extract  from  page  311.] 

At  the  present  time,  when  so  many  important 
works  are  being  carried  on  in  this  country,  in  which 
large  quantities  of  Portland  Cement  are  used,  where, 
formerly,  some  of  the  different  varieties  of  Ameri- 
can hydraulic  cement  would  probably  have  been 
employed,  any  experience  tending  to  produce  uni- 
formity in  the  results  of  its  testing,  or  to  show  the 
effects  of  heat  and  cold  upon  the  mortar  or  concrete 
into  which  it  enters,  would  seem  to  be  very  useful 
to  the  profession,  and  of  sufficient  importance  to  be 
given  in  detail.  -^^  ^ 

This  apathy  on  the  part  of  the  English  engi- 
neers, in  requiring  a  finely  ground  cement  for  their 
work,  has  produced  a  corresponding  disinclination 
on  the  part  of  the  manufacturer  to  supply  it. 
About  two  years  ago,  in  preparing  the  specification 
for  a  large  quantity  of  Portland  Cement  to  be  deliv- 
ered in  this  city,  the  writer,  in  the  test  for  fineness, 
required  that  at  least  85  per  cent,  of  the  cement 
should  pass  through  a  sieve  containing  2500  meshes 
per  square  inch,  that  the  weight  of  the  struck  bushel 
should  not  be  less  than  1 1  5  pounds,  and  the  tensile 


CONCRETE  STEPS,    READING,  PA. 
Built  of  Saylor's  Portland  Cement. 


31 

strength,  for  the  seven-day  test,  at  least  250  pounds 
per  square  inch.  Several  English  manufacturers, 
applied  to  by  the  importers  to  fill  this  contract, 
declined,  except  for  unusually  high  prices,  alleging 
that  the  cement,  as  ordinarily  burnt,  if  ground  to 
the  degree  of  fineness  required,  would  not  come  up 
to  the  weight  required  per  struck  bushel,  and  that 
in  consequence  of  the  extra  burning  producing  a 
harder  material  to  grind,  much  unnecessary  expense 
would  be  entailed  upon  them.  The  cement  was 
eventually  supplied  by  the  Burham  Co.,  at  the  ordi- 
nary market  price,  and,  although  passing  the  test 
for  fineness,  never  came  quite  up  to  the  standard 
required  in  the  weight  per  struck  bushel. 

In  contrast  to  this  may  be  mentioned  the  recent 
experience  of  the  writer  with  the  Coplay  Cement 
Manufacturing  Co.,  in  supplying  Saylor's  American 
Portland  Cement,  under  a  contract,  in  which  the 
test  for  fineness  only  required  that  80  per  cent,  of 
the  cement  should  pass  through  a  sieve  2500  meshes 
per  square  inch,  that  the  weight  of  the  struck 
bushel  should  not  be  less  than  1 10  pounds,  and  that 
the  tensile  strength  per  square  inch  at  the  end  of 
seven  days  should  be  250  pounds,  or,  in  other  words, 
a  lower  standard  of  fineness  and  weight  than  in  the 
contract  above  alluded  to,  which  was  filled  by  the 
Burham  Company.  When  this  American  Portland 
Cement  was  supplied  on  the  work  it  was  found  to 
exceed  considerably  the  requirements  of  the  three 
tests,  averaging  over  1 20  pounds  per  struck  bushel, 
over  250  pounds  per  square  inch  in  tensile  strength, 
and  over  90  per  cent,  passing  through  a  sieve  con- 
taining 2500  meshes  to  the  square  inch. 


32 


BROOKLYN  BRIDGE. 
Saylor's  Portland  Cement  Used  in  Building  Foundations. 


THE  TRUSTEES  OF  THE  NEW  YORK  AND 
BROOKLYN  BRIDGE. 

Office,  No.  21  Water  Street. 

Brooklyn,  March  20,  1883. 
Agents  Saylor's  American  Portland  Cement. 

Gentlemen — We  have  used  during  the  construction  of  the 
East  River  Bridge  about  seven  hundred  barrels  of  your  Ameri- 
can Portland  Cement,  and  it  has  given  entire  satisfaction.  It 
was  used  at  critical  points,  and  the  results  have  fully  justified 
its  use. 

I  can  see  no  reason  why  your  cement  should  not  entirely 
supercede  the  use  of  the  imported  article. 

C.  C.  Martin, 
First  Assistant  Engineer, 


33 


Cement  Showing  Too  Great  a  Strength 

ON  THE 

Popular  Seven=Day  Test  May  be  Dangerous  to  Use. 

[extract.] 

Consular  Report,  No.  127,  page  618,  written  by 
Mr.  D.  L.  Collins,  of  Messrs.  Gibbs  &  Co.,  Limited, 
London : 

''It  is  quite  possible  for  an  expert  constantly 
gauging  with  fixed  conditions  as  to  temperature  and 
atmosphere  to  get  high  results  with  a  safe  cement, 
but,  if  the  cement  is  to  be  tested  by  anyone  with 
less  experience,  it  is  necessary  for  the  manufacturer 
to  work  to  a  still  higher  standard,  i,  e.,  to  increase 
the  proportion  of  lime  to  the  highest  possible  point. 

''Some  authorities  think  the  danger  of  doing 
this  can  be  counteracted  by  heavy  burning.  This 
certainly  is  not  invariably  the  case.  For  instance, 
he  has  seen  briquettes  made  from  cement  weighing 
123  pounds  to  the  bushel,  test  at  seven  days,  1200 
to  1 300  pounds  on  an  inch  and  a  half  by  an  inch 
and  a  half  section  (and  which  at  two  years  could  not 
be  broken  with  a  strain  of  1430  pounds),  break  a 
few  months  later  at  800  pounds.  This  was  doubt- 
lessly entirely  due  to  the  excess  of  lime  which  was 
necessary  to  use  in  the  original  mixture,  and  he 
believes  it  is  this  high  proportion  which  has  been 
the  real  cause  of  recent  concrete  work  failures — 
failures  that  were  almost  unknown  before  high  test- 
ing cements  came  into  vogue. 


34 


'^Tensile  strain  is  one  of  the  conditions  of  a 
specification  most  stringently  enforced.  At  the 
same  time  it  should  be  remembered  that  it  is  a  test 
which  depends  greatly  on  the  state  of  the  atmos- 
phere, and  still  more  so  on  the  skill  of  the  manipu- 
lator. 

With  regard  to  the  latter  point,  it  is  by  no 
means  an  infrequent  occurrence  to  find  two  men 
making  briquettes  from  the  identical  cement  pro- 
ducing results  varying  from  25  to  33  per  cent.  It  is 
therefore  especially  important  that  tests  should  be 
made  by  skilled  labor  and  under  fixed  conditions  of 
temperature,  proportions  of  water,  etc. 

'^Always  weigh  the  cement,  sand  and  water 
before  guaging,  as  a  very  slight  excess  of  the  neces- 
sary amount  of  sand  or  water  will  materially  affect 
the  result.  Mr.  Parker  says:  'There  would  some- 
times be  a  difference  of  100  to  i  50  per  cent.,  without 
any  apparent  cause,  in  the  breaking  strain  of  two 
briquettes  made  from  the  same  sample ;  consistent 
results  could  only  be  obtained  by  adopting  exact  pro- 
portions of  cement  and  water.' 

Unfortunately  every  sample  will  require  a  vary- 
ing amount,  according  to  the  nature  of  its  setting 
(quick  or  slow),  fineness  of  grinding  and  the  state 
of  the  atmosphere;  but,  as  a  rule,  from  18  to  28  per 
cent,  will  be  sufficient  where  one-inch  moulds  are 
used. 

Fineness  of  grinding  has  been  proved  by  Mr. 
John  Grant  and  other  authorities  to  be  the  most 


35 


important  factor  in  the  strength  of  concrete,  and 
it  should  therefore  have  special  attention.  Water 
test  is  one  of  the  safest  guards  as  to  the  soundness 
•of  cement. 

''Thin  cakes,  or  pats,  should  be  made  up  and 
placed  upon  a  piece  of  glass  or  other  non-absorbent 
material,  and  then,  when  thoroughly  set,  one  cake 
should  be  immersed  in  water,  the  other  being 
left  in  the  air.  Care  should  be  taken  that  the 
cement  is  thoroughly  set  before  immersion,  and 
for  a  slow  setting  quality,  the  pats  may  some- 
times require  24  hours  to  become  so.  If,  after  this, 
the  pats  show  cracks  on  the  outer  edge,  the  cement 
.should  not  be  passed,  unless  it  can  be  proved  that 
the  effect  is  due  only  to  the  freshness  of  the  grind- 
ing, and  can  therefore  be  thoroughly  remedied  by 
air  slacking. 

''A  further  useful  test  is  to  fill  a  test  tube  with 
gauged  cement.  Good  cement  always  expands 
slightly,  so  that  in  the  course  of  two  or  three  days 
the  tube  will  crack ;  if,  however,  the  expansion  is  so 
great  as  to  blow  the  glass  to  pieces,  the  cement 
should  be  regarded  with  great  suspicion." 


36 


CROSS  SECTION  OF  BULKHEAD  OR  RIVER  WALL 
AT  WEST  52d.  ST.  SECTTON,N.  R.  SOUTH  END. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  DOCKS, 
No.  117  DuANE  Street. 

New  York,  March  3,  1879. 
Gentlemen— In  reply  to  your  request  I  take  pleasure  in 
stating  that  the  Department  of  Docks  has  used  from  August  i, 
1876,  to  December  21,  1878,  9598  barrels  of  "  Saylor's  American 
Portland  Cement."  My  experience  thus  extended  in  the  use  of 
your  cement  enables  me  to  recommend  it  even  more  strongly 
than  I  did  in  my  letter  of  February  26,  1878,  for  any  purpose 
requiring  Portland  Cement. 

Yours  very  truly, 

G.  S.  Greene,  Jr. 

C/iie/  Engineer. 


37 


Directions  for  Preparing  Portland  Cement. 

To  secure  the  best  results  from  a  true  Portland 
Cement  a  few  rules  must  be  observed,  and  although 
a  party  may  be  thoroughly  versed  in  the  use  of  nat- 
ural cement,  lime,  etc.,  he  should  note  carefully  the 
following : 

Portland  Cement  Mortar. 

Spread  out  the  exact  measured  quantity  of  sand 
in  a  clean  box,  pour  upon  it  the  exact  quantity  of 
cement  and  mix  the  whole  dry  until  the  sand  and 
cement  are  thoroughly  incorporated.  Then  add  the 
required  quantity  of  water  while  the  material  is 
being  constantly  and  carefully  mixed  up.  It  is 
advisable  to  add  the  water  slowly  by  sprinkling. 
Continue  the  mixing  until  the  mortar  arrives  at  a 
good  plastic  condition. 

If  too  much  water  is  added  it  retards  the  setting, 
especially  in  damp,  cold  weather,  and  the  work  will 
become  less  dense  and  therefore  less  durable. 

Portland  Cement  Concrete. 

Add  to  the  sand  and  cement  prepared  as  before 
mentioned,  while  still  dry,  the  exact  quantity  of 
broken  stone,  mix  the  whole  mass  several  times  over 
with  the  required  amount  of  water  until  all  the 
ingredients  are  thoroughly  and  evenly  mixed. 

Concrete  should  not  contain  more  water  than  will 
give  it  the  appearance  of  fresh  dug  earth,  and  when 
rammed  in  and  tamped  down  water  should  appear 
on  the  surface  which  will  indicate  that  sufficient 


38 


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39 


water  has  been  used.  Such  work  will  attain  great 
density  and  uncommon  durability. 

The  quantity  of  broken  stone  to  be  used  in  con- 
crete, provided  it  is  of  good  quality,  does  not  weaken 
the  concrete,  which  will  obtain  the  strength  which 
the  mortar  of  cement  and  sand  would  attain  without 
the  additional  stone. 

It  is,  however,  important  that  the  cement  mortar 
should  closely  cover  and  fill  up  all  the  interstices 
which  may  exist  between  the  stone  and  to  diminish 
these  as  much  as  possible;  the  stone  employed 
should  consist  of  a  proper  proportion  of  various 
sizes,  from  one  quarter  to  two  inches  in  diameter, 
which  will  pack  very  closely. 

The  following  proportions  have  been  found  to 
answer  for  most  purposes  for  which  concrete  is  used, 
to  be  varied  as  nature  of  work,  quality  of  the  sand, 
or  the  size  of  the  stone  may  require : 

I  part  Portland  Cement. 
3  parts  Sharp  Sand. 
6  parts  Broken  Stone. 

For  concrete  under  water,  sand  and  broken  stone 
should  be  used  in  equal  proportion  if  great  strength 
is  desired. 

There  is  an  erroneous  idea  that  concrete  tipped 
into  position  from  a  height  is  given  solidity  by  the 
fall,  but  unfortunately  the  larger  pieces  of  the  aggre- 
gate fall  to  the  ground  first,  smaller  pieces  next, 
and,  last  of  all,  the  mortar,  so  that  the  aggregate 


40 


RECORD  OF  TESTS  OF  SAYLOR'S  PORTLAND  CEMENT 

MADE  AT  THE  THAYER  SCHOOL  OF  CIVIL  ENGINEERING,  HAN- 
OVER, N.  H.,  JANUARY,  FEBRUARY  AND  MARCH,  1896. 


Materials. 


Saylor's  Neat.  { 


Saylor's  and 
Sea  Sand  be- 
tweeen  N  o  . 
20  and  30. . . . 


S  A  Y LO  r's  and  | 
Sea  Sand  No.  ^ 
20  to  No.  30. . 


-tion  by  V^t. 

Rec  rd  of 
betting. 

Lbs.  per  Sq.  In. 

Sand. 

Water. 

Days  in  Air. 

Days  in  Water. 

Age— Days. 

j     No.  Broken. 

Highest. 

Average.  j 

Lowest. 

.22 

I 

16 

137 

102 

60 

.22 

6 

7 

26 

550 

446 

310 

.22 

29 

30 

14 

788 

617 

490 

.22 

59 

60 

II 

930 

729 

622 

I 

.27 

2 

3 

6 

190 

155 

130 

I 

.27 

6 

7 

6 

251 

227 

206 

I 

.27 

29 

30 

4 

425 

40  r 

373 

I 

.27 

59 

60 

4 

560 

484 

420 

3 

.50 

6 

7 

3 

116 

107 

94 

3 

.50 

29 

30 

3 

174 

172 

170 

3 

.50 

59 

60 

3 

180 

162 

150 

All  Briquettes  were  made  from  stiff  paste,  and  were  molded 
by  tamping  with  a  piece  of  wood,  f  in.  x  f  in.,  six  inches  long, 
held  in  the  hand. 

The  cement  was  not  sifted,  but  taken  as  it  came  from  the 
barrel. 

The  persons  making  the  Briquettes  had  no  previous  experi- 
ence. The  tests  were  conducted  purely  as  an  exercise  for  in- 
struction to  students. 

A.  W.  French, 

Instructor. 


41 


and  matrix  is  separated  and  the  value  of  the  mass 
as  an  even  and  solid  concrete  is  destroyed. 

If  the  nature  of  the  work  is  such  that  it  cannot 
be  mixed  up  where  it  is  actually  to  lay,  it  should  be 
taken  and  gently  tipped  into  position  and  afterwards 
well  rammed. 

In  a  pamphlet  issued  by  the  American  Society 
of  Civil  Engineers,  which  was  presented  by  Max  E. 
Schmidt  at  the  Eleventh  Annual  Convention,  June 
17th,  1879  the  South  Pass  Jetties,  at  New 

Orleans,  La.,  where  our  Saylor's  Portland  Cement 
was  used  in  making  the  concrete  blocks),  we  find 
that  it  required  165.05  cubic  yards  of  dry  material 
in  the  following  proportion  to  make  100  cubic  yards 
of  concrete  after  it  was  rammed  into  place : 

Broken  Stone   80.75  Cubic  Yards 

Clean  Gravel   23.58 

Sand   44.57 

Baylors  Portland  Cement. . .   16.15      "  " 

165.05 

This  concrete  weighed  when  green  160  pounds 
per  cubic  foot;  when  thoroughly  dry,  140  pounds. 

Artificial  Stone  for  Walks  and  Floors. 
Carefully  prepare  the  concrete  in  the  manner 
described  above,  put  down  and  tamped  to  a  depth 
of  three  to  five  inches;  on  the  top  of  this  a  stiff 
mortar  composed  of  equal  parts  of  cement  and 
finely  crushed  granite  or  a  material  equally  gritty  is 


42 


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43 


laid  to  a  depth  of  an  inch  to  an  inch  and  a  half  and 
then  carefully  smoothed.  This  will  form  the  sur- 
face of  the  stone,  so  the  entire  thickness  will  be 
from  four  to  six  inches.  Very  large  stones  should 
be  from  five  to  seven  inches  thick. 

It  is  advisable  to  put  a  foundation  twelve  inches 
deep  of  broken  stone  or  cinders  below  the  concrete, 
w^hich  should  be  well  rammed,  leveled  off  and  moist- 
ened, so  that  they  will  not  absorb  the  water  from 
the  cement.  Such  foundation  will  act  as  a  natural 
drainage,  and  it  will  prevent  the  forcible  breaking  of 
the  stone  by  the  expansion  of  the  soil  after  a  severe 
frost. 

In  hot  weather  all  newly  laid  cement  pavement 
should  be  kept  moist  for  some  days  by  covering 
them  with  canvass,  which  should  be  sprinkled 
repeatedly. 

Cement  Plaster. 
Should  be  in  two  coats,  half  inch  complete.  First 
coat,  one  part  cement  and  four  parts  sharp  sand. 
Finishing  coat,  one  part  cement  and  one  part  sharp 
sand.  Thoroughly  mix  the  cement  and  sand 
together  before  adding  the  water. 

Cement  Sewer  and  Drain  Pipe. 
First-class  cement  pipe  is  manufactured  by  mix- 
ing one  part  of  Saylor's  Portland  and  three  parts  of 
sand  or  gravel.    Care  should  be  taken  to  see  that  it 
is  not  too  wet. 


44 


CONCRETE  MONOLITHIC  BRIDGE,  BLUE  GRASS  ROAD,  PHILA. 
Built  of  Saylor's  Portland  Cement. 


J.  R.  CLAUSEN  &  SON, 

Cement  and  Sewer  Pipe. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  January  23,  i8g6. 

Gentlemen — We  have  used  considerable  quantity  of  the 
"Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  for  concrete  bridge  work  in  this 
city  and  it  has  passed  very  satisfactorily  the  requirements  of 
this  city's  specifications.  We  only  recently  finished  furnishing 
"Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  for  concrete  on  the  Blue  Grass 
Bridge,  at  Blue  Grass  Station,  Philadelphia,  and  both  the  city 
officials  and  contractors  were  well  pleased  with  the  result.  In 
future  we  shall  furnish  this  cement  for  this  class  of  work  in  this 
this  city,  as  it  has  always  given  entire  satisfaction. 

Yours  truly, 

J.  R.  Clausen  &  Son. 


45 


Notes  on  Testing. 

The  testing  of  cement  is  not  so  simple  a  process 
as  it  is  sometimes  thought  to  be.  No  small  degree 
of  experience  is  necessary  before  one  can  manipulate 
the  materials  so  as  to  obtain  approximately  accurate 
results. 

The  test  for  tensile  strength  on  a  sectional  area 
of  one  square  inch  is  recommended  because,  all 
things  considered,  it  seems  best  for  general  use.  In 
the  small  briquettes  there  is  less  danger  of  air  bub- 
bles, the  amount  of  material  to  be  handled  is 
smaller,  and  the  machine  for  breaking  may  be 
lighter  and  less  costly. 

The  manner  of  testing  the  strength  of  Portland 
Cement  is  to  mould  the  sample  into  a  briquette 
having  a  sectional  area  of  one  square  inch  and  sub- 
jecting it  to  a  pulling  strain  on  a  proper  testing 
machine  until  the  briquette  is  torn  apart  or  broken. 

For  the  sake  of  uniformity  the  briquettes,  both  of 
neat  cement  and  those  containing  sand,  should  be 
immersed  in  water  at  the  end  of  24  hours,  except  in 
the  case  of  one-day  tests. 

Clean,  fresh  water  having  a  temperature  between 
60  and  70  degrees  F.  should  be  used  for  the  mix- 
ture and  immersion  of  samples. 

The  proportion  of  water  varies  with  the  fineness, 
age,  or  other  condition  of  the  cement  and  the 
temperature  of  the  air,  but  is  approximately  as 
follows : 


47 


For  briquettes  of  neat  cement,  Portland,  about 
25  per  cent.;  Natural  or  Rosendale,  about  30  per  cent. 

For  briquettes  of  one  part  cement  and  one  part 
sand,  about  i  5  per  cent,  of  the  total  weight  of  the 
cement  and  sand. 

For  briquettes  of  one  part  cement  and  three 
parts  sand,  about  1 1  per  cent,  of  the  total  weight  of 
the  sand  and  cement. 

If  an  excess  of  water  is  used,  that  which  does 
not  combine  chemically  with  the  cement  will  remain 
suspended  in  the  mass  and  be  a  source  of  weakness, 
while,  if  an  insufficient  quantity  be  used,  a  chemical 
action  will  have  been  set  up  without  the  possibility 
of  its  being  completed,  and  as  a  result  will  be 
equally  fatal  to  the  strength  of  the  cement. 

It  is  not  possible  to  give  full  instructions  in  the 
art  of  gauging  a  cement.  It  can 'only  be  acquired 
by  practice.  The  cement  must  be  brought,  by  dex- 
teriously  working  it  with  a  trowel,  into  a  pasty,  tena- 
cious mass  that  will  remain  in  almost  any  form  into 
which  it  is  beaten,  and  this  condition  should  be 
attained  with  the  minimum  of  water  and  in  the 
shortest  possible  space  of  time. 

Cement  should  be  ground  so  fine  that  only  10 
per  cent,  is  rejected  by  a  sieve  of  10,000  meshes  per 
square  inch.  The  finer  the  cement,  if  otherwise 
good,  the  larger  quantity  of  sand  it  will  take  and 
the  greater  its  value. 

The  fineness  to  which  a  cement  is  ground  (the 
aggregate  being  the  same)  will  practically  determine 


49 


its  adhesive  powers,  and,  therefore,  if  the  cement 
gives  satisfactory  results  wlien  tested  neat,  and  is 
finely  ground,  there  can  be  no  reason  to  doubt  that 
it  will  carry  its  fair  proportion  of  sand. 

The  advantage  of  testing  the  cement  with  the 
sand  to  be  used  has  the  advantage  of  determining 
the  ultimate  strength  of  the  structure  and  the  suit- 
ability of  the  sand,  for  if  the  cement  has  given 
good  results  when  tested  neat  and  possesses  every 
property  of  a  good  cement,  and  yet  fails  when  tested 
with  the  sand,  it  may  fairly  be  assumed  that  it  is 
the  sand  that  is  at  fault  and  not  the  cement. 

Mr.  Grant  says  that  he  ''has  (recently)  met  with 
two  sands  which,  though  both  sifted  clean  through 
the  same  sieves  and  not  much  unlike  each  other 
even  under  the  microscope,  gave  results  that  dif- 
fered 50  per  cent.'' 

An  average  of  five  briquettes  should  be  made 
for  each  test,  only  those  breaking  at  the  smallest 
section  to  be  taken. 

The  stress  should  be  applied  to  each  briquette 
at  a  uniform  rate  of  about  400  pounds  per  minute, 
starting' each  time  at  O.  With  a  weak  mixture  one 
half  the  speed  is  recommended. 

No  matter  whose  make  of  machine  is  used  for 
testing,  the  strain  must  be  applied  to  the  briquette 
at  a  uniform  rate,  otherwise  a  false  result  will  be 
obtained,  for  if  the  weight  is  put  on  very  quickly  the 
briquette  will  bear  a  greater  strain  than  if  it  is 
applied  slowly. 


50 


Tests  on  Saylor's  Portland  Cement 

Tests  made  by  Andrew  Rose  water,  City  Engi- 
neer, Omaha,  Neb.,  during  the  year  1894,  on 
Saylor's  Potland  Cement. 

NEAT  CEMENT.  ONE  PART  CEMENT,  TWO  PARTS  SAND. 

Age  of  Briquette.  Per  Sq.  Inch.  Age  of  Briquette.  Per  Sq.  Inch. 

7  days.  515  lbs.  7  days.  193  lbs. 

30  655   "  28    "  238  " 

60    "  707  *'  60    "  268 

90    "  752  "  90    "  273 

6  months.  836  " 

Average  of  5  Briquettes  each. 


Test  on  two  cars  Saylor's  Portland  Cement, 
shipped  May  8,  1894,  to  Phoenix  Paving  Company, 
League  Island  Navy  Yard,  Philadelphia. 

NEAT  CEMENT.  ONE  PART  CEMENT,  THREE  PARTS  SAND. 

Age  of  Briquette.  Per  Sq.  Inch.    Age  of  Briquette.  Per  Sq.  Inch. 
7  days.  657  lbs.  7  days.  171  lbs. 

30    "  745  30     "  232  " 

Average  of  10  Briquettes  each. 


51 

The  rapidity  with  which  a  cement  sets  or  loses 
its  plasticity  furnishes  no  indication  of  its  ultimate 
strength.  It  simply  shows  its  initial  hydraulic 
activity. 

In  selecting  cement  for  experimental  purposes, 
take  the  samples  from  the  interior  of  the  original 
packages  at  a  sufficient  depth  to  insure  a  fair  expo- 
nent of  the  quality,  and  store  the  same  in  tightly- 
closed  receptacles,  impervious  to  light  or  dampness, 
until  required  for  manipulation,  when  each  sample 
of  cement  should  be  thoroughly  mixed,  by  sifting 
or  otherwise,  that  it  shall  be  uniform  in  character 
throughout  its  mass. 

When  cement  is  gauged  and  made  into  a  pat  or 
briquette,  the  first  change  observable  is  that  the 
water  comes  to  the  surface,  the  next  that  the  water 
is  absorbed  by  the  cement,  the  samples  will  then 
begin  to  heat,  and  lastly  it  will  gradually  return  to  its 
original,  or  what  may  be  called  its  normal  tempera- 
ture, and  it  is  this  last  period  that  may  with  justice 
be  understood  by  the  word  ''set." 


53 


WILSON  &  BAILLIE  MANUFACTURING  CO., 
Manufacturers  of  "Kosmocrete  Artificial  Stone." 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  May  8,  1893. 
Gentlemen — In  reply  to  yours  of  the  5th  inst.,  would  say 
that  we  are  glad  to  report  that  we  have  used  thousands  of  barrels 
of  your  "  Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  in  our  "  Kosmocrete " 
work  (sidewalks,  cellars  stable  floors,  etc.),  and  it  has  given 
entire  satisfaction. 

We  give  a  guarantee  on  all  our  work  for  five  years,  and  we 
have  executed  work  with  your  cement  that  has  been  in  place  for 
seventeen  years,  and  is  in  perfect  condition  to-day.  We  refer  to 
sidewalks  corner  Eighth  Street  and  Broadway  and  Seventeenth 
and  Broadway,  New  York,  and  many  other  jobs. 

We  consider  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  equal  to  any, 
superior  to  many  of  the  foreign  brands. 

Yours  very  truly, 

Wilson  &  Baillie  Mfg.  Co. 

E.  H.  Baillie,  Sec'y. 


May  8,  1893. 

Gentlemen — In  reply  to  yours  of  the  5th  inst.,  inquiring  as 
to  our  opinion  of  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement,"  we  have  used  it 
exclusively  and  consider  it  a  faultless  article.  We  have  the 
credit  of  producing  the  strongest  sewer  pipe  in  the  market.  As 
to  this  statement,  can  refer  to  the  Chief  Engineer  of  Department 
City  Works  of  Brooklyn,  Chief  Engineer  of  Flushing,  and  many 
other  good  authorities. 

Yours  truly. 

The  Wilson  &  Baillie  Mfg.  Co. 

E.  H.  Baillie,  Secretary. 


54 


Tests  on  "Say lot's  Portland  Cement.'' 

Tests  made  June  21,  1894,  on  sample  of  Say- 
lor's  Portland  Cement  taken  from  work  at  Collins' 
Factory,  Third  and  Canal  Streets,  Philadelphia,  at 
Booth,  Garrett  &  Blair's  Physical  Testing  Labora- 
tory, Philadelphia,  Pa. 

SEVEN-DAY  TESTS  ON  ONE-INCH  BRIQUETTES. 

NEAT  CEMENT.  I  PART  CEMENT;   3  PARTS  SAND. 

552  lbs.  190  lbs. 

514     "  166  " 

568     "  163 

597    "  ,       182  " 

608    "  172 

Avg   568  lbs.  Avg   175  lbs. 


Tests  made  February  24,  1896,  from  sample  of 
Saylor's  Portland  Cement  taken  from  stock  in  yard 
of  J.  R.  Clausen  &  Son,  Twenty-seventh  and  Dia- 
mond Streets,  by  Lathbury  &  Anderson,  Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 

FINENESS. 
100    ^  passes  No.   50  sieve. 
99.1  %       "    No.    74  " 
96.5  %       "    No.  100  " 
84    ^       "    No.  200  " 

SEVEN-DAY  TESTS,  ONE-INCH  BRIQUETTES. 

Briquette  No.  1870  640  lbs. 

"  "    1871  610 

"    1872  635  " 

"    1873  657  " 

1874  615  " 

Average   631  lbs. 


Notes  on  Cement 


In  order  to  make  Portland  Cement  it  requires  a 
homogeneous  mixture,  containing  in  proper  propor- 
tions carbonate  of  lime,  alumina,  silica  and  iron. 
This  mixture  must  be  subjected  to  a  heat  sufficiently 
high  to  produce  a  vitrified,  dense  and  heavy 
clinker. 

The  induration  or  setting  of  Portland  Cement 
consists  in  the  formation  of  a  real  mineral,  of  a 
crystalline  rock  species,  which  appear  to  be  analogous 
to  natural  zeolites.  This  fact  can  be  confirmed 
by  microscopic  examination  of  Saylor's  Portland 
Cement.  The  set  will  be  found  to  consist  of  trans- 
lucent, and  to  some  extent  even  of  transparent 
crystalline  particles  of  different  forms,  exactly  like 
those  of  the  zeolites  of  nature. 

Portland  Cements  are  of  a  bluish  gray  color  and 
Natural  Cements  are  light  or  dark,  according  to  the 
character  of  the  rock  from  which  they  are  made. 

The  nearer  a  natural,  hydraulic  cement  ap- 
proaches the  Portland  in  color  and  texture  the 
greater  its  strength. 


56 

TESTS  MADE  ON  "SAYLOR'S"  PORTLAND  CEMENT, 

IN  COMPARISON  WITH 

''ALSEN"  PORTLAND  CEMENT, 

AT  THE  Laboratory  of  the  Cambria  Iron  Company, 
Johnstown,  Pa. 


1 
1 

-13 

a; 

Tensile  Streneth 

u 

V 

> 

'a, 

Per  Square 

nch. 

Per  Cent,  of 

bi) 

s 

a; 

S 

rt 

Fineness. 

.5 

o> 

CO 

Brand. 

00 

g 

=! 

t/3 

13 

Neat 

Neat 

Sand 

!U 

CO 

>^ 

I  to  1 

o 

"A 

of  Bart 

No 

j 

No. 

100 

bora 

1— 1 

<A 

u 

0 

24 

H 

7 

Sieve. 

Sieve. 

d 


d 

Hrs. 

Days, 

Days 

PRR. 



I28I 

(Alsen's) 

40,184 

75 

5 

125 

312 

188 

98.8 

88.4 

4  hours 

1282 

130 

290 

198 

98.8 

88.4 

1283 

137 

3T0 

192 

98.8 

89.2 

1284 

133 

320 

200 

98.8 

88.8 

1285 

PRR. 

140 

300 

198 

98.8 

88.4 

I29I 

(Saylor's) 

i-i  I 

30;559 

100 

5 

178 

305 

225 

99.6 

93-6 

2  hours 

1292 

170 

320 

230 

99.6 

93-6 

1293 

183 

3^7 

225 

99.6 

93.6 

1294 

172 

308 

230 

99.6 

93-6 

1295 

185 

320 

230 

99.6 

93-6 

PRR. 

I3OI 

(Saylor's) 

1-27 

826 

100 

5 

215 

335 

290 

99.9 

95-2 

2  hours 

1302 

210 

320 

290 

99.9 

95  2 

1303 

210 

375 

225 

99.6 

94-4 

1304 

208 

350 

280 

99.6 

94.4 

1305 

PRR. 

208 

390 

280 

99.6 

94.4 

1306 

(Alsen's) 

2-2 

1,065 

75 

5 

215 

320 

268 

98.8 

83.6 

.  3  hours 

1307 

^75 

310 

270 

98.8 

83  2 

1308 

190 

318 

265 

98.4 

83  6 

1309 

180 

317 

275 

98.4 

83.2 

I3IO 

188 

305 

282 

98.4 

83.2 

57 

The  ultimate  value  of  a  Portland  Cement  is  its 
cohesive  strength. 

The  amount  of  water  it  will  require  to  properly 
guage  a  cement  will  vary  with  almost  every  cement, 
and  can  only  be  ascertained  by  experiment. 

Good  cement  may  be  drowned  by  an  excess  of 
water. 

Cement  work  should  not  be  tampered  with  after 
setting  has  begun. 

Loamy  sand  is  a  great  enemy  to  good  cement. 

The  sand  and  cement  should  be  well  mixed 
together  dry  before  water  is  added,  and  the  latter 
should  be  added  little  by  little  to  the  mixture. 

We  have  been  repeatedly  asked  by  consumers 
who  may  be  compelled  to  hold  large  quantities  of 
our  cements  on  hand  for  a  considerable  period, 
whether  it  will  retain  its  properties  without  deteri- 
orating or  becoming  stale.  In  reference  to  this,  Mr. 
Henry  Reid  says :  ''I  have  used  Portland  Cement 
which  has  lain  for  upwards  of  two  years  in  a  large 
covered  building  exposed  to  the  air  without  any  care 
or  attention,  and  found  it  good  and  without  deterio- 
ration, in  fact  equal  to  a  new  cement."  It  is,  how- 
ever, essential  that  it  be  kept  in  a  perfectly  dry 
place,  and  there  will  be  no  difficulty  in  retaining  all 
its  excellent  qualities. 


58 


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59 

When  bricks  and  stone  are  laid  in  cement  they 
should  first  be  thoroughly  wet,  as  otherwise  they 
absorb  the  water  from  the  cement  mortar. 

Clean  water  and  sharp  sand  should  be  used  with 
cement ;  the  cleaner  and  sharper  the  sand  the  better 
the  mortar. 

Neat  cement  reaches  its  full  strength  in  a  much 
shorter  time  than  a  mixture  of  sand  and  cement. 

Good  Portland  Cement  continues  to  harden 
and  attain  a  great  strength  for  a  long  period. 
Some  tests  show  an  increase  at  the  end  of  seven 
years. 

Portland  Cements  differ  from  Natural  Cements 
in  that  if  kept  away  from  dampness  they  improve 
instead  of  deteriorating  with  age. 

Our  cements  are  all  subject  to  the  severest  tests 
at  the  works,  before  allowed  to  go  on  the  market. 

During  the  course  of  a  year  more  than  30,000 
briquettes  are  broken,  showing  the  care  and  scrutiny 
exercised  in  manufacturing  our  cements. 

At  many  of  the  recent  large  fires,  artificial  stone 
made  of  Portland  Cement  has  proved  itself  to  be  the 
best  fire-proof  building  material. 

Concrete  should  be  made  as  required.  If  setting 
begins  before  the  concrete  has  been  put  in  place  it 
is  worthless. 


6o 


COMPETITIVE  TESTS  MADE  ON  PORTLAND  CEMENT, 

BY  CITY  ENGINEER,    INDIANAPOLIS,  IND.,  FEB.,  1896. 


Brand. 


Alsen   

Alpha  

Atlas  

Commercial. . . 
Dyckerhoff  .  . . 

Saylor's  

Shifferdecker  . 
Star-Stettin  . . 

Sandusky  

Henry  

Jossen  

K.  B.  &  S  

Lagerdorfer. . . 

Porta  

Empire  

Germania  

Hemmoor  . . . . , 

Hilton  

Hercules  

Gristower  


Neat. 

3  Sand  to 

I  Cement. 

7  Days. 

14  Days. 

7  Days. 

14  Days. 

637.639 

549.632 

143 

•  149 

187 . 192 

479.483 

523.549 

197 

.  209 

260.268 

532.580 

594.632 

172 

.  198 

212.229 

457-458 

448.497 

107 

.  163 

172. 178 

552.563 

538.566 

201 

.  207 

244. 276 

623.656 

768.789 

122 

.  143 

263.292 

486.493 

436.530 

137 

.  149 

235.237 

692.718 

564.628 

T  A8 

•  193 

257.278 

580.623 

692.693 

T  8  r 
I05 

212 

239.257 

538.543 

682.706 

143 

152 

187.198 

402.454 

442.490 

210 

234 

226.240 

4.68  .  ^AK 

134 

135 

141 . 166 

426.473 

516.525 

194 

203 

228 . 264 

523.549 

608 .637 

103 

117 

159.187 

443.467 

462 .480 

147. 

162 

215 .246 

523.558 

512 . 560 

216 

235 

228.237 

476.482 

515.528 

134. 

139 

178. 190 

408.414 

308.342 

218. 

232 

192 . 201 

437.442 

447.485 

161. 

178 

138.189 

569.578 

631.635 

128. 

137 

210.218 

6i 


In  hot  weather   cement  work  should  not  be 


allowed  to  dry  too  quickly.  It  should  be  sprinkled 
with  water  to  protect  it  from  the  sun. 

Very  strong  Portland  Cement  is  heavy,  of  a 
bluish  gray  color  and  crystalline  in  texture — the 
result  of  the  high  temperature  at  which  it  is  burned. 

The  smooth,  clayey-mortars  made  by  the  New 
York  Rosendale  and  other  similar  cements  are  due 
to  an  excess  of  clayey  matter  in  the  cement,  as 
evidenced  by  their  want  of  strength  when  compared 
with  the  gray,  crystalline,  gritty  mortars  made 
with  the  Portland,  or  the  other  natural  cements  of 
that  character. 

One  barrel  Saylor's  Portland  contains  three  and 
one  half  bushels. 

One  barrel  Saylor's  Portland  weighs  400  pounds. 

One  barrel  Improved  Anchor  or  Anchor  con- 
tains four  bushels. 

One  barrel  Improved  Anchor  or  Anchor  weighs 
300  pounds  net. 


Thickness. 


Inch. 


K  Inch. 


K  Inch. 


I  Bbl.  Saylor's  Cement  will  cover  

I    "        "  "  and  I  sand  will  cover 


72 
108 


36  ft. 


48  ft. 
96 
144 


72  ft. 

144 
216 


2 


RECORD  OF  TESTS  OF  CEMENT  MADE  BY 
C.  V.  WESTON, 

CHIEF  ENGINEER    NORTHWESTERN   ELEVATED    RAILROAD,  CHICAGO. 


I  Inch  Biiquettes.  3  Parts  Sand.     i  Part  Cement. 

Brand.  7  Days.         28  Days.         60  Days.        90  Days.        120  Days. 


Sandusky   100  lbs.  220  lbs.  286  lbs.  248  lbs.  200  lbs. 

Giant   220  "  183  "  223  "  212  "  200  " 

Diamond   140  "  245  "  224  "  227  "  240  " 

Yankton   115  "  136  "  218  "  223  "  228  " 

Aalborg   155  "  190  "  221  "  241  "  275  " 

Wayland   165  "  184  "  215  "  245  265  " 

Saylor's   120  "  197  "  ...  "  249  "  272 


J.  J.  JOHNSON  CEMENT  &  LIME  CO., 

No.  1104  Security  Building,  Chicago. 

Chicago,  III.,  May  19,  1896. 

Co7nme7'cial  Wood  and  Cement  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Gentlemen — We  now  confirm  onr  dispatch  of  this  day: 
*'In  addition  to  all  orders  ship  Angus  &  Gindele  one  carper 
day." 

I  was  over  to  the  city  testing  offices  this  morning  and  they 
only  have  a  7  days'  test — on  neat  cement,  5  days  509  lbs.  6  days 
628  lbs.,  7  days  644  lbs.  One  part  cement,  three  parts  sand — 2 
days  21  lbs.,  3  days  85  lbs.,  4  days  176  lbs.,  5  days  156  lbs.,  6  days 
207  lbs.,  7  days  226  lbs.  The  sample  of  "Saylor's'*  was  taken 
off  of  the  street.  Will  report  to  you  the  fourteen  day  and  longer 
tests  as  we  obtain  them. 

Yours  respectfully, 

J.  J.  Johnson, 

President. 


63 


Laboratories  of  Wm.  S.  McHarg, 
Chicago,  III., 
Chicago,  July  12,  1895. 

Mess.  Angus  &  Gindeh\  Contractors^  Northwestern  Ele- 
vated Railroad^  Chicago,  III. 

Gentlemen — Enclosed  find  report  on  American 
Portland  Cements  submitted  for  sixty  days'  test. 
Briquettes  one  square  inch  section,  moulded  by  hand, 
proportions  of  sand  by  weight;  kept  twenty-four 
hours  in  air  and  the  remaining  time  in  water,  broken 
at  ages  stated : 


Volume,  One  Part  Cement ;  Three  Parts  Sand. 
Brand.  7D«i>s.  28  Days.  60  Days. 


Empire   96  lbs.  127  lbs.  193  lbs. 

Medusa  (Sandusky)   loi  "  166  "  204  " 

Yankton   91  "  131  230  " 

Wayland   123  "  179  "  187 

Diamond    75  "  117  "  149  " 

Giant   77  " 

Saylor's   116  193  "  236 


The  sand  tests  are  the  only  value  in  rating  a 
cement.  Yours  truly, 

Wm.  S.  McHarg. 


64 


Testing  Laboratories  of  Lathbury  &  Anderson, 

1319  Filbert  Street, 
Philadelphia,  March  19,  1896. 
Report  of  tests  of  "Commercial  Rosendale  Cement"  for 
New  York  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co.'s  new  building,  Philadel- 
phia.    Architect,  P.  W.  Roos,  New  York.     Reported  to  Mr. 
S.  E.  Moore,  contractor.    Sample  taken  from  cement  on  work. 

SEVEN-DAY  TENSILE  TESTS. 

six  parts  cement  mortar  (2  SAND 
ONE  PART  CEMENT  TO  TWO  TO  I  CEMENT)  MIXED  WITH  I  PART 

PARTS  SAND.  SLACKED  LIME  BY  MEASURE. 

63  lbs.  91  lbs. 

57  "  85  " 
62  "  95  " 
53    "  77  " 

58  "  71  " 

Avg   59  lbs.  Avg   83  lbs. 

12  %  water. 

FOURTEEN-DAY  TENSILE  TESTS. 

ONE  PART  CEMENT  TO  ONE  ONE  PART   CEMENT  TO  THREE 

PART  SAND.  OF  SAND. 

133  lbs.  71  lbs. 

170  "  87  " 

171  85  " 
147      "  70  " 

155    "  79  " 

Avg         155  lbs.  Avg....    78  lbs. 

17  ^  water.  9  %  water. 

TWENTY-EIGHT-DAY  TENSILE  TESTS. 

ONE  PART  CEMENT  TO  ONE  ONE  PART  CEMENT,  THREE 

PART  SAND.  PARTS  SAND. 

180  lbs.  103  lbs. 

185      "  98  " 

168      "  100  " 

178  107  " 

175     "  94  " 

Avg. ...  177  lbs.  Avg. ...  100  lbs. 

17  ^  water.  9  %  w^ater. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Lathbury  &  Anderson. 


65 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT. 

Washington,  D.  C,  December  i6,  i86g. 
Gentlemen — Yours  of  the  13th,  asking  my  opinion  as  to  the 
character  of  your  Anchor  Cement  is  received.  In  reply  I  have 
to  say  that  we  have  used  it  exclusively  on  the  Appraisers  Stores 
at  Philadelphia  and  it  has  given  entire  satisfaction.  I  should 
have  no  hesitation  in  using  it  on  any  work  under  my  charge. 
Very  truly  yours, 

A.  B.  Mullen, 

Supervising  Architect. 


Bagley,  Smith  &  McGaw,  410  Walnut  Street. 

Philadelphia,  July  6,  1874. 
Gentlemen — This  is  to  certify  that  we  have  used  your  brand 
of  Anchor  Cement  in  the  foundation  of  piers  at  Girard  Avenue 
Bridge  and  that  it  has  in  every  respect  given  us  good  satisfac- 
tion. The  weight  said  to  be  contained  in  the  barrels  has  invari- 
ably overrun.  The  engineer  in  charge,  who  has  made  the  tests, 
has  always  found  the  different  samples,  taken  at  intervals  of  a 
month  or  so,  to  bear  the  same  results  in  strength,  and  it  gives  me 
pleasure,  as  one  of  the  firm  of  sub-contractors,  to  add  our  testi- 
monial to  many  others. 

Yours  very  truly, 

Bagley,  Smith  &  McGaw. 


BALTIMORE  AND  POTOMAC  R.  R.  CO. 

Baltimore,  January  11,  1873. 
Gentlemen — I  have  used  over  26,000  barrels  of  Anchor 
Cement  in  the  construction  of  the  Baltimore  and  Potomac  Rail- 
road Tunnel,  in  the  city  of  Baltimore,  and  find  it  of  uniform 
good  quality.  I  can  therefore  recommend  the  Anchor  Cement 
as  one  of  the  best  hydraulic  cements  now  in  use. 

Very  truly, 

Thomas  Seabrook, 

Eng.,  Con.  and  Man. 


66 


DEPARTMENT  OF  PUBLIC  WORKS. 

Philadelphia,  August  26,  1892. 
Gentlemen — In  reply  to  your  favor  of  the  25th  inst.,  would 
state  that  I  have  authorized  the  use  of  the  Coplay  Cement  in  the 
concrete  foundations  for  asphalt  pavement  on  Broad  Street,  the 
samples  tested  having  exceeded  in  strength  the  standard  required 
by  the  city  for  its  public  work. 

Yours  respectfully, 

James  H.  Windrim, 

Director. 


HENRY  MAUER  &  SON, 
New  York  City. 

Philadelphia  Office,  September  15,  1892. 
Gentlemen — In  answer  to  your  favor  of  the  15th,  would  say 
that  we  used  3000  barrels  of  your  Anchor  Cement  in  setting  the 
floor  arches  in  the  thirteen  (13)  story  Betz  Building  on  South 
Penn  Square,  Philadelphia.    We  find  this  cement  excellent. 
Very  truly  yours, 

Henry  Mauer  &  Son, 

H.  Stahr,  Manager. 


W.   B.   IRVINE.  ANDREW  CARTY. 

KNICKERBOCKER  LIME  COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  Wood  Burnt  Lime,  23D  Street,  Below 
Spring  Garden  Street,  American  and  Dauphin  Streets. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  January  24,  1891. 
Co7nmercial  Wood  and  Ceinent  Co.,  Sales  Agent  Coplay  Cement 
Co.,  No.  718  Girard  Building,  Philadelphia. 

Gentlemen — We  have  handled  several  thousand  barrels  of 
your  Anchor  and  Saylor's  Portland  Cements. 

Wherever  we  have  sent  these  cements  they  have  always 
given  entire  satisfaction. 

Yours  truly, 

Irvine  &  Carty. 


67 


LEHIGH  VALLEY  R.  R.  CO. 

Bethlehem,  Pa.,  July  i8,  1882. 
Gentlemen— The  Lehigh  Valley-  Railroad  Company  have 
used  your  Anchor  Cement  almost  exclusively  for  the  last  several 
years.    It  has  always  given  satisfactory  results  when  used. 

Very  truly  yours, 

A.  E.  Stedman, 

P.  A.  Ell g  1716 er . 


THE  JACKSON-JONES  COMPANY, 
Lime  and  Cement. 

Washington,  D.  C,  March  26,  1894. 
Gentlemen — Replying  to  your  favor  of  the  24th  inst.,  the 
Anchor  Cement  was  used  in  the  Electric  and  Telephone  Con- 
duits in  this  city.  About  8000  barrels  were  used  in  this  work. 
The  telephone  company  experimented  with  quite  a  number  of 
domestic  cements  and  finally  determined  upon  the  use  of  Anchor 
and  would  have  no  other. 

It  gave  great  satisfaction  to  them  and  I  am  quite  sure  it  will 
meet  all  requirements  where  a  domestic  cement  is  to  be  used. 

Very  truly, 

The  Jackson-Jones  Co. 


Office  of  JOS.  BANCROFT  &  SONS'  CO., 

ESTABLISHED  183I. 

Wilmington,  Del.,  2  mo.  23,  1895. 
Co7nmerczal  Wood  and  Cejnent  Co. 

Gentlemen — We  are  obliged  for  thy  note  of  yestsrday.  I 
have  this  morning  been  speaking  with  our  foreman,  who  used 
the  Anchor  Cement  perhaps  fifteen  years  ago,  and  has  been  with 
t:s  continually  since,  and  he  makes  a  good  report  respecting  it. 
Tlie  walls  that  he  has  had  to  break  into  have  been  very  hard. 

Respectfully, 

Wm.  p.  Bancroft. 


68 


GEORGE  O.  TENNY, 
Contractor  for  Railroads,  Sewers,  Water-Works,  Etc. 

Clifton,  S.  C,  July  15,  1895. 

Gentlemen — I  take  pleasure  in  stating  that  I  have  used  con- 
siderable of  your  "  Commercial"  brand  of  Rosendale  Cement  in 
the  foundations  and  dam  I  am  building  for  the  Clifton  Manufac- 
turing Co.'s  No.  3  cotton  mill. 

The  cement  has  given  entire  satisfaction  in  every  respect 
and  I  do  not  hesitate  in  recommending  it  to  anyone  wishing 
cement  of  this  class. 

Yours  truly, 

George  O.  Tenney. 


GAFFNEY  MANUFACTURING  CO. 

Gaffney,  S.  C,  July  15,  1895. 
Gentlemen — Regarding  the  quality  of  your  "Commercial" 
brand  of  Rosendale  Cement,  I  take  pleasure  in  stating  that  I 
have  used  this  brand  for  the  work  being  done  at  Gaffney  and 
Tucapau  Mills  and  have  found  it  perfectly  satisfactory.  I  have 
used  several  carloads  already  and  expect  to  use  several  more.  I 
do  not  hesitate  to  recommend  this  cement  to  anyone  wanting  a 
first-class  article. 

Yours  truly, 

H.  D.  Wheat,  Treas, 


69 


THE  BARBER  ASPHALT  PAVING  CO., 
I  Broadway. 

New  York  City,  February  29,  1892. 
To  Caj^roli  P.  Bassett,  Hydraulic  Eui^iiiecr,  Oi'cmge  and  New- 
ark, N.J. 

Dear  Sir — We  have  been  asked  to  write  you  the  fact  that 
the  Commercial  Rosendale  Cement  furnished  us  by  the  Com- 
mercial Wood  and  Cement  Company  of  Philadelphia  has  been 
excellent  and  just  as  represented.  Our  regular  tests  show  it  to 
be  above  the  required  tests  of  New  York  and  our  company. 

Yours  very  truly, 

J.  W.  Howard, 

Super  in  ten  den  t . 


THE  NATIONAL  CONDUIT  MANUFACTURING 
COMPANY. 
Times  Building. 

New  York  City,  April  3,  1894. 
Gentlemen — Replying  to  your  communication  of  yesterday, 
we  are  pleased  to  be  able  to  say  that  during  the  past  season  we 
have  used  upwards  of  10,000  barrels  of  your  Commercial  Rosen- 
dale  Cement  in  the  work  which  we  have  been  doing  for  the 
Philadelphia  Traction  Company. 

Our  experience  has  been  that  your  cement  is  a  particularly 
strong  one,  and  for  our  purpose  has  given  entire  satisfaction. 
You  can  depend  upon  it  we  would  not  have  used  your  material 
had  it  not  been  A  No.  i,  as  we  have  given  a  fifteen-year  guar- 
antee on  our  work  to  the  Philadelphia  Traction  Company,  and 
deposited  cash  securities  wnth  them  for  our  guarantee. 

Very  truly. 
National  Conduit  Manufacturing  Co. 

E.  S.  Perot,  President. 


7° 


PHILADELPHIA  WORKING   MEN's   MODEL  HOME. 

Cement  Sidewalks,  Curbing  and  Cellar  Floors  Made  of  Saylor's  and 
Commercial  Portland  Cements. 


OFFICE  OF  E.  STEWART  &  COMPANY, 
N.  E.  Corner  American  and  Diamond  Streets. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  April  8,  1896. 
Co7n7nercial  Wood  &^  Cement  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Gentlemen — We  are  pleased  to  state  that  in  the  cement 
pavements,  curbs  and  cellar  floors  of  the  block  of  houses  bounded 
by  Mascher,  Hancock,  Wilt  Streets  and  Montgomery  Avenue, 
we  used  your  "  Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  for  the  finish  and 
your  "Commercial  Portland  Cement"  for  the  concrete  with  the 
best  of  results.  In  fact  all  the  cement  we  have  had  from  you, 
covering  a  period  of  twenty  years,  has  given  perfect  satisfaction. 

Very  truly  yours, 

E.  Stewart  &  Co. 


WARNER  H.  JENKINS  CO., 
Engineers  and  Contractors  for  Artifical  Stone. 

Philadelphia,  July  14,  1894. 
Gentlemen — Replying  to  your  favor  of  equal  date  asking 
for  our  opinion  of  the  ".Saylor's  Portland  Cement,"  as  frequently 
used  by  us  in  granolithic  and  concrete  work  in  general,  we  have 
no  hesitation  in  saying  that  we  consider  it  the  highest  grade  of 
American  manufacture.  Our  first  experience  with  this  cement 
was  in  Lebanon,  Pa.,  some  eight  years  ago,  where  we  con- 
structed a  large  amount  of  sidewalk  paving,  and  to-day  it 
remains  perfect  in  every  respect.  We  have  never  had  an 
instance  where  cement  supplied  us  under  the  above  label  but 
what  has  been  uniform  and  given  entire  satisfaction. 

We  remain,  with  much  respect, 

Warner  H.  Jenkins  Co. 


GREEN  &  WILSON, 
'*  Kosmocrete"  Artificial  Stone  Sidewalks, 
No.  115  West  Street. 

New  York,  May  16,  1878. 

Gentlemen — Relative  to  our  opinion  concerning  the  quality 
of  your  "Saylor's  American  Portland  Cement"  we  herewith 
cheerfully  submit  the  same. 

During  the  last  two  years  we  have  used  large  quantities  of  it 
in  the  manufacture  of  our  "Kosmocrete"  Stone  for  sidewalks, 
garden  walks,  cellar  and  stable  floors,  etc.,  and  our  judgment  of 
its  quality  for  such  use  is,  that  it  has  given  us  entire  satisfaction 
in  every  particular.  In  uniformity  of  strength  and  color  it  has 
never  yet  been  equalled  by  any  of  the  foreign  brands  imported 
into  this  country,  of  which  a  sample  trial  will  convince  all  inter- 
ested in  the  use  of  Portland  Cement. 

Very  respectfully. 

Green  &  Wilson. 


72 


ENGLEBERT  WAGENBLAST, 
Manufacturer  of  Sidewalks,   Stable-Floors,  Etc., 
Reading,  Pa. 

Reading,  Pa.,  April  17,  1893. 
Gentlemen — Answering  your  favor  in  reference  to  the 
"  Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  would  say  that  I  have  used  large 
quantities  for  sidewalk  work  during  the  past  two  years,  and 
in  my  work  it  has  always  made  a  very  satisfactory  job  and  I  can 
cheerfully  recommend  it. 

Very  truly  yours, 

E.  Wagenblast. 


JAMES  B.  STUBER, 
Contractor  for  Paving  of  all  Descriptions. 

Allentown,  Pa.,  May  16,  1893. 
Gentlemen — I  have  used  your  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement" 
exclusively  during  the  past  thirteen  (13)  years  for  sidewalks, 
etc.,  and  have  always  found  it  first-class.  The  work  done  thir- 
teen years  ago  is  to-day  in  as  good  condition  as  when  first  laid. 
As  for  durability  and  general  excellence  I  feel  no  hesitation  in 
recommending  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement." 

Very  truly  yours, 

James  B.  Stuber. 


ELMIRA  SEWER  PIPE  AND  FIRE  BRICK  CO. 

Elmira,  N.  Y.,  June  26,  1886. 
Gentlemen — In  our  business  as  manufacturers  of  sewer  pipe 
and  artificial  stone  we  have  during  the  past  four  years  exten- 
sively used  your  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement."  We  have  also 
sold  large  quantities  to  contractors  and  builders  in  this  vicinity 
and  it  has  always  given  perfect  satisfaction.  We  can,  therefore, 
after  the  most  thorough  and  practical  tests,  unhesitatingly  recom- 
mend this  brand  of  cement  as  certain  to  do  all  that  is  asked  for 
it,  and  shall  use  large  quantities  of  same  this  season. 
'  Respectfully, 

Elmira  Sewer  Pipe  Co. 


73 


WELDON  &  BABBITT, 
Contractors  for  Cement  Sidewalks,  Etc. 

CoNNEAUT,  O.,  May  lo,  1894. 
Gentlemen — In  reply  to  your  inquiry  of  the  8th  inst.,  would 
say  that  w^e  take  pleasure  in  saying  that  we  have  handled 
"Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  the  last  two  years  for  putting  down 
sidewalks,  pavements,  etc.,  and  that  it  has  given  perfect  satis- 
faction in  all  places  where  used.  We  have  no  hesitation  in 
recommending  it  as  being  a  strictly  first-class  article  and  equal 
if  not  superior  to  any  cement  we  have  used  in  the  ten  years  we 
have  been  in  the  cement  trade.         Respectfully  yours, 

Weldon  &  Babbitt. 


M.  MICHAELS  &  SON, 
Contractors  for  Cement  Sidewalks,  Etc. 

Kankakee,  III.,  May  11,  1894. 
Gentlemen — We  have  used  considerable  "  Saylor's  Portland 
Cement"  in  the  construction  of  cement  sidewalks  and  curbs  and 
cheerfully  recommend  it  as  being  equal  to  the  best  German 
brands  of  Portland  Cement. 

Yours  very  respectfully, 

M.  Michaels  &  Son. 


BLEAKLY  COAL  AND  LIME  CO., 
Coal,  Lime,  Building  Material,  Etc.,  Camden,  N.  J. 

Camden,  N.  J.,  May  3,  1895. 
Gentlemen — For  five  years  we  have  used  your  "  Saylor's 
Portland  Cement"  and  we  have  had  better  satisfaction  with  it 
than  with  any  other  brand  of  Portland  Cement  we  ever  handled. 
We  have  made  it  into  cement  pavements,  stable-floors  and  in  the 
foundations  of  the  heaviest  buildings  built  in  this  city  with  the 
best  results.  We  consider  it  the  highest  grade  of  Portland 
Cement  on  the  market. 

Yours  respectfully. 

Bleakly  Coal  and  Lime  Co. 


74 


CONCRETE  STEPS,    COPING  AM)   SIDEWALK,   POTTSVILLE,  PA. 
Built  of  Saylor's  Portland  Cement. 

LEWIS  GRANT, 
Contractor  for  Cement  Sidewalks,  Heavy  Masonry,  Etc. 

PoTTSViLLE,  Pa.,  January  22,  i8g6. 
Gentlemen — In  reply  to  yours  of  yesterday,  would  say  that 
I  have  twenty-eight  steps  from  the  street  to  my  house.  They 
were  laid  in  1884  out  of  concrete  and  finish  made  from  "Saylor's 
Portland  Cement."  The  steps  were  laid  on  the  terrace  without 
any  foundation,  and  with  the  exception  of  a  few  cracks  on  the 
ashlers  they  are  as  perfect  as  when  first  laid  ;  there  is  no  disinte- 
gration and  they  show  no  signs  of  wear.  I  have  also  laid  your 
cement  along-side  of  the  best  imported  cement  and  I  defy  an 
expert  to  tell  which  is  the  American  and  which  is  the  imported. 

Yours  truly,  Lewis  Grant, 


75 


SHILLINGER  BROS., 
Roofing  and  Pavincx  Contractors, 
Granolithic  and  Cement  Work. 

Toledo,  Ohio,  January  30,  1896. 

Gentlemen — In  answer  to  your  favor  of  the  28th  inst.,  we 
would  say  that  we  have  used  your  "  Saylor's  Portland  Cement" 
in  our  last  year's  work  and  it  has  given  excellent  satisfaction. 
We  laid  the  "Saylor's"  alongside  of  the  best  brands  of  German 
Cements  and  it  stands  well. 

We  can  cheerfully  recommend  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement" 
to  anyone  using  cement  for  sidewalks  or  any  kind  of  concrete 
work. 

Very  respectfully, 

SCHILLINGER  BrOS. 


JOHN  FARRELL, 

Contractor  for  all  Kinds  of  Cement  Work. 

Xenia,  Ohio,  January  27,  i8g6. 
Gentlemen — In  reply  to  your  inquiry  would  say  that  I  have 
used  the  "Saylor's  American  Portland  Cement"  in  sidewalk 
work  and  find  it  an  excellent  article  for  that  purpose.  The 
cement  turns  out  a  good  white  color,  uniform  throughout.  It  is 
finer  ground  than  the  German  cements  I  have  used  heretofore ; 
namely  the  "Germania"  and  "Dyckerhoff"  brands,  and  will 
therefore  carry  more  sand  and  make  a  better  finish.  I  have 
done  work  here  in  Xenia  with  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement" 
that  can't  be  beat. 

Very  truly  yours, 

John  Farrell. 


76 


OFFICE  OF  CITY  ENGINEER. 

Pittsburg,  Pa.,  February  2,  i8gi. 
Gentlemen — About  two  years  ago  at  the  solicitation  of  your 
agents  here,  I  allowed  your  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  to  be 
used  in  city  work.  Since  then  it  has  been  used  in  the  construc- 
tion of  the  large  brick  and  stone  sewer  running  from  Thirty-third 
Street  to  the  East  End,  the  contract  price  of  which  was  over 
$300,000.  It  was  also  used  in  the  Haights  Run  Sewer,  the 
Twenty-eighth  Street  sewer,  and  is  now  being  used  in  the  large 
brick  and  stone  sewer  we  are  constructing  at  Homewood.  I 
have  found  it  to  give  entire  satisfaction  and  can  cheerfully 
recommend  its  use. 

Yours  respectfully, 

W.  W.  Browne, 

City  Engineer . 


GARRISON,  WILLIAMS  &  CO.,  Limited. 
Grain,  Baled  Hay,  Cements,  Lime,  Etc. 

Pittsburg,  Pa.,  February  2,  1891. 
Coplay  Ceinent  Co.,  Allentown,  Pa. 

Gentlemen — We  have  sold  large  quantities  of  your  cements 
in  this  market,  both  of  Anchor  and  of  Saylor's  Portland.  The 
Anchor  we  furnished  for  the  immense  glass  works  at  Jannette. 
We  are  now  furnishing  it  for  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  work 
on  all  their  divisions  running  into  Pittsburg,  beside  numerous 
other  places.  It  is  giving  entire  satisfaction.  We  have  the  first 
complaint  to  hear  from  it  yet. 

Your  Saylor's  Portland  we  used  here  in  the  rebuilding  of 
the  Ninth  Street  Bridge.  Our  penitentiary  here  used  it  to  the 
exclusion  of  all  other  Portlands ;  their  engineer  claims  to  have 
gotten  better  results  out  of  it  than  out  of  many  imported  Port- 
lands. It  is  now  used  exclusively  in  city  work  here,  our  engi- 
neer preferring  it  to  all  others.  Our  dealings,  both  with  your 
cements  and  your  company,  have  been  entirely  satisfactory. 

Yours  truly. 

Garrison,  Williams  &  Co. 


77 


A.  B.  MEYER  &  CO., 
Coal,  Lime  and  Cement,  Sidewalk  Cement  a  Specialty. 
17  N.  Pennsylvania  Street. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.,  January  28,  1896. 

Gentlemen — Replying  to  yours  of  the  23d  inst.,  would  say 
that  our  city  engineer,  Mr.  C.  C.  Brown,  had  about  400  lineal 
feet  of  cement  sidewalk  laid  during  September,  1894,  with 
"  Saylor's  Portland  Cement,"  "  Star  Stettin  "  and  "  Dyckerhoff," 
and  during  the  summer  of  1895  Mr.  Brown,  city  engineer,  and 
ourselves  inspected  this  walk,  and  after  a  careful  examination 
Mr.  Brown  stated  that  his  judgment  told  him  that  "Saylor's 
Portland  Cement"  showed  up  and  stood  better  than  the  "Star 
Stettin"  and  "Dyckerhoff,"  which  were  used  at  the  same  time 
and  under  similar  conditions,  and  that  he  would  have  no  fear  of 
using  "  Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  wherever  the  requirements 
called  for  the  best  grades  of  imported  Portland.  We  expect  to 
use  large  quantities  of  your  "Saylor's  Portland"  for  sidewalk 
w^ork  during  the  coming  season. 

During  last  season  we  used  several  thousand  barrels  of  your 
"Commercial  Portland  Cement"  for  making  concrete  in  our 
street  w^ork.  This  we  used  under  our  chief  engineer's  specifica- 
tions, calling  for  cement  of  350  lbs.  neat  in  seven  days,  and 
in  making  his  tests  of  this  cement  a  large  number  of  the 
briquettes  broke  at  400  lbs.  neat  in  seven  days.  He  especially 
commended  this  cement  in  its  sand  carrying  capacity,  and  no 
doubt  we  will  want  several  thousand  barrels  of  the  "  Commercial 
Portland"  for  our  street  work  the  coming  season. 

Very  truly  yours, 

A.  B.  Meyer  &  Co. 


CHANDLER  &  MAPS, 
Lumber,  Brick,  Lime,  Paints  and  Oils. 

Long  Branch,  N.  J.,  August  i,  1891. 
Commercial  Wood  and  Cement  Co. 

Gentlemen — We  have  sold  quite  some  of  your  Commercial 
Rosendale  and  Commercial  Portland  Cements  and  find  it  has 
given  entire  satisfaction.    Never  a  fault  found  with  it. 

Truly  yours,  Chandler  &  Maps. 


78 


CONCRTEE  DRIVE-WAY  AND  SIDEWALKS,    CHESTER,  PA. 
Built  of  Saylor's  Portland  Cement, 


JOHN  F.  JOHNSON,  CEMENT  FINISHER, 
1009  Madison  Street. 

Chester,  Pa.,  August  i,  1895. 

Gentlemen— In  answer  to  your  inquiry  as  to  how  the  "Say- 
lor's Portland  Cement"  I  have  been  using  for  sidewalk  work 
has  turned  out,  would  say  that  my  experience  with  this  brand  of 
cement  has  been  most  satisfactory,  it  having  proven  to  be  very 
strong  and  a  very  good  finishing  cement.  I  enclose  you  a 
couple  of  photographs  of  cement  work  I  have  done  with  your 
"Saylor's  Portland  Cement." 

I  have  laid  this  cement  in  sidewalk  work,  where  it  came 
directly  in  contact  with  the  very  best  brands  of  German  cement 
and  in  all  cases  the  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  is  wearing  as 
well  and  has  as  good  color  as  the  work  done  with  these  high- 
grade  foreign  cements.  I  shall  always  use  the  "Saylor's  Port- 
land Cement "  in  future  when  I  wish  to  make  a  good  job. 

Yours  very  truly, 

John  F. Johnson. 


79 


REINHARD  &  WEAVER, 

Manufacturers  of  Artificial  Stone  Sidewalks. 

Allentown,  Pa.,  May  6,  1893. 
Gentlemen — In  answer  to  your  inquiry  as  to  our  experience 
with  "  Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  for  sidewalk  construction, 
will  say  that  we  have  used  this  cement  during  the  past  years  and 
in  every  case  have  found  it  to  be  equal  to  the  best  foreign  Port- 
land Cements.  Very  respectfully  yours, 

Reinhard  &  Weaver. 


NEW  JERSEY  SEWER  PIPE  AND  CONSTRUCTION  CO. 
Drain,   Sewer   and  Well  Pipes,   Artificial  Stone 
AND  Cement  Ware. 

Paterson,  N.  J.,  December  22,  1892. 
Gentlemen — We  herewith  state  that  we  have  extensively 
used  the  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  in  our  business  and  that 
we  consider  it  to  be  in  every  respect  as  good  as  a  great  many 
brands  of  the  imported  cement  and  superior  to  some  of  them.  It 
has  always  come  up  to  our  expectations. 

Yours  very  truly, 
New  Jersey  Sewer  Pipe  and  Construction  Co., 

C.  SCHNELL, 

Gejteral  Manager. 

INTERNATIONAL  PAVEMENT  CO., 
No.  71  Broadway. 

New  York,  January  27,  1883. 
Gentlemen — Having  used  extensively  your  "Saylor's  Port- 
land Cement"  in  the  construction  of  cellar  floors,  sidewalks, 
pits,  etc.,  where  the  same  has  been  subjected  to  extreme  pres- 
sure from  water,  and,  having  found  it  to  answer  all  claimed  for 
it,  I  take  pleasure  in  recommending  it  to  all  in  want  of  a  first- 
class,  reliable  cement,  and  assure  you  we  shall  continue  to  use  it 
wherever  occasion  may  require.  Yours  truly, 

J.  D.  Frost, 
General  Superintendent . 


So 


LUTHER  KELLER, 
Dealer  in  Portland  and  Rosendale  Cement. 

ScRANTON,  Pa.,  February  9,  1894. 
Gentlemen — I  take  pleasure  in  adding  my  testimony  in  favor 
of  "  Saylor's  Portland  Cement."    I  have  sold  it  for  the  past  fif- 
teen years  and  I  find  it  gives  universal  satisfaction.    This  cement 
has  been  used  in  all  large  contracts  in  this  section. 

The  Scranton  Gas  &  Water  Co.  in  their  three  large  reservoirs 
used  this  brand  almost  exclusively;  the  Lackawanna  Iron  & 
Steel  Co.  used  it  for  all  their  heavy  work ;  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna &  Western  Railroad  Co.  used  it  on  all  their  work ;  the 
Jermyn  Water  Co.'s  Dam,  at  Jermyn,  Pa.,  was  built  with  it;  the 
Providence  Gas  &  Water  Co.  used  it  in  their  dam,  and  it  has 
been  used  in  all  large  contracts  for  city  work. 

Very  truly, 

Luther  Keller. 


OFFICE  OF  E.  E.  MYERS, 

Architect, 
3  and  4  Moffet's  Block,  Detroit. 

Detroit,  Mich.,  March  5,  1895. 
Gentlemen — Being  fully  acquainted  with  the  character  and 
quality  of  " Saylor's  Portland  Cement,"  I  have  determined  on 
its  use  in  the  Wilkes-Barre  Court  House  purely  on  its  excellent 
quality.  Too  much  stress  cannot  be  placed  on  the  importance 
of  the  character  of  cement,  especially  in  structures  where  heavy 
loads  are  to  be  sustained.  Having  had  extensive  experience  in 
the  use  of  "  Saylor's  Portland  Cement,"  I  have  always  found  it 
reliable  and  sustains  all  that  I  have  heard  claimed  for  it.  The 
uniformity  of  the  cement  has  given  me  confidence  in  the 
material,  and  have  found  it  so  reliable  that  I  have  determined 
upon  its  use  in  the  building  herein  before  mentioned. 

Yours  very  truly, 

E.  E.  Myers, 

Architect. 


8i 


OFFICE  OF  THE  CITY  ENGINEER, 

Reading,  Pa.,  January  27,  1896. 
Gentlemen — Your  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  was  used 
for  the  concrete  lining  of  our  High  Service  Reservoir  built  last 
summer,  and  the  result  warrants  the  assertion  that  for  this  class 
of  work  it  equals  any  foreign  cement  I  have  ever  used. 

Very  respectfully, 

E.  Chamberlain, 

City  Ejii^ineer. 


ENGINEERING  DEPARTMENT,  CITY  OF  OMAHA. 

Omaha,  Neb.,  January  11,  1895. 
Gentlemen — In  answer  to  your  favor  of  the  8th,  would  state: 
First — That  this  department  will  permit  American  Portland 
Cements  with  the  quality  requirements  of  Portland  Cement 
under  our  specifications,  upon  equal  terms  with  any  imported 
cements. 

Second — Personally  I  would  give  American  products  the 
preference,  other  things  being  equal,  and  think  the  Public 
Works  Department  would  join  me  in  giving  such  preference. 
We  have  made  a  series  of  tests  of  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement" 
in  the  past  year,  and  they  have  proven  highly  satisfactory ;  in 
fact,  the  results  thus  far  exceeded  those  of  any  other  cement 
submitted  at  this  office. 

Very  respectfully, 

Andrew  Rosewater, 

City  Engineer . 


Vosburg,  Pa.,  June  28,  1886. 
Coplay  Ceme7it  Co.,  Allefitowit,  Pa. 

Gentlemen — We  have  used  in  the  construction  of  our  work 
*75oo  barrels  of  your  Saylor's  Portland  and  1800  barrels  of  your 
Anchor  Cement  which  have  given  the  best  satisfaction.  The 
tests  made  from  day  to  day  for  the  past  year  have  established  its 
uniform  quality  and  strength. 

Yours  truly, 

Lentz  &  Co. 

*  Vosburg  Tunnel. 


82 


CONCRETE  CORE  WALL,    ROARING   CREEK  WATER   CO.'S  DAM. 
Being  Built  of  Saylor's  Portland  Cement. 


ROARING  CREEK  WATER  COMPANY. 

SHAMOKIN,  PA. 

Shamokin,  Pa.,  May  7,  1896. 
Commercial  Wood  a7id  Cement  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Gentlemen — Replying  to  your  favor  of  the  5th  inst.  we  have 
to-day  sent  you  by  express  three  photographs  showing  part  of 
the  exposed  concrete  work  of  our  dam,  which  we  have  erected 
with  your  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement."  Most  of  the  cement 
used  last  year  was  placed  in  the  foundation  of  a  core  wall  from 
twenty  to  thirty  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  ground,  therefore 
photographs  of  it  could  not  be  taken. 

The  4000  barrels  of  cement  used  last  season  have  been 
entirely  satisfactory. 

In  regard  to  the  quantity  that  will  be  required  this  year,  we 
cannot  yet  tell,  but  the  shipment  of  a  carload  every  alternate  day 
can  continue  for  at  least  two  weeks,  in  the  meantime  we  will 
make  a  probable  estimate  of  the  quantity  required  and  advise 
you.     We  are.  Yours  very  truly. 

Roaring  Creek  Water  Co. 
C.  Q.  McWilliams,  Treasurer, 


S3 


DELAWARE  AND  HUDSON  CANAL  CO., 
Northern  Railroad  Depot. 

Albany,  N.  Y.,  January  21,  1891. 

Gentlemen — In  answer  to  your  inquiry  as  to  the  character- 
istics and  merits  of  the  "  Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  which  we 
have  purchased  from  you  during  the  last  two  years,  I  am  glad 
to  be  able  to  say  that  it  has  proven  entirely  satisfactory  and  in 
my  opinion  is  as  desirable  for  railroad  engineering  structures  as 
any  imported  Portland  Cement  which  we  have  used. 

We  have  had  occasion  during  the  past  three  months  to 
remove  abutments,  in  which  your  cement  was  used,  and,  there- 
fore, I  am  able  to  say  with  a  full  knowledge  of  the  facts  that  the 
results  have  been  eminently  satisfactory.  We  have  used  it  in  the 
coldest  weather,  during  the  past  two  3^ears,  with  a  large  percent- 
age of  salt,  and  have  found  it  entirely  satisfactory. 

Its  hydraulic  properties  have  been  thoroughly  tested  in  coffer 
dams  where  we  have  used  it  and  have  proved  to  be  excellent. 
We  propose  to  continue  using  it  as  our  standard  cement  until 
something  equally  good  and  less  expensive  shall  appear  on  the 
market  and  this  we  fail  to  find. 

Very  truly  yours, 

A.  J.  Swift, 

Chief  Engineer. 

N.  B. — The  above  company  used  10,000  barrels  of  "  Saylor's 
Portland  Cement"  during  the  two  years  ending  August,  1890. 


H.  P.  COOPER, 
Dealer  in  Cement,  Iron,  Etc. 

PoTTSviLLE,  Pa.,  May  12,  1895. 
Gentlemen — I  have  sold  your  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement" 
for  the  best  work  done  here.  It  was  used  in  the  heavy  dam  for 
the  Girard  Water  Co.,  also  in  the  Shenandoah  Dam,  and  I  am 
now  supplying  it  for  the  new  Traction  Power  Houses  and  dynamo 
foundations.  The  engineers  and  mechanics  of  this  section  con- 
sider your  cement  the  best  grade  of  Portland  Cement  on  the 
market.  Very  truly  yours, 

H.  P.  Cooper. 


84 


MANUFACTURERS  NATURAL  GAS  CO., 

Canonsburg,  Pa.,  May  8,  1895. 
Gentlemen — It  is  with  pleasure  that  I  commend  "  Saylor's 
Portland  Cement."  Our  company  has  used  about  400  barrels  in 
the  erection  of  three  heavy  pumping  plants  to  pump  natural  gas, 
and  in  each  case  "  Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  has  given  perfect 
satisfaction  while  other  cements  have  failed. 
We  will  always  use  "Saylor's." 

Yours  respectfully, 

Manufacturers  Natural  Gas  Co., 
Per  N.  Johnston, 

Superintendent . 

CANONSBURG  IRON  &  STEEL  CO., 
J.  F.  Bunke,  Superintendent. 

Canonsburg,  Pa.,  May  15,  1895. 
Gentlemen — In  reply  to  your  inquiry  as  to  the  quality  of 
"  Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  we  are  glad  to  be  able  to  say  that 
it  has  proven  entirely  satisfactory.  We  have  used  it  with  the 
best  brands  of  German  Portland,  and  we  consider  "Saylor's"  to 
be  equally  as  good  if  not  superior  to  any  cement  we  have  ever 
used.  Yours  respectfully, 

Canonsburg  Iron  &  Steel  Co. 


THE  NORTH  RIVER  CONSTRUCTION  CO., 

N.  Y.,  W.  S.  &  B.  R'Y. 

New  York,  March  10,  1883. 
Gentlemen — As  supplementary  to  the  statement  made  about 
your  cement,  in  my  history  of  the  Mississippi  Jetties,  I  will  state 
that  the  concrete  blocks  built  with  "Saylor's  American  Portland 
Cement"  at  the  sea  ends  of  the  jetties  have  withstood  for  three 
years  severe  exposure  to  the  waves  and  are  at  this  date  intact. 
I  am  fully  justified  by  the  test  of  time  in  the  approval  I  gave  of 
your  cement.  Should  I  have  other  sea  walls  to  build  I  would 
have  no  hesitation  in  using  it.  I  am  truly  yours, 

E.  L.  CORTHELL, 

Chief  Engmeer,  N.  V.,  W.  S.      B.  R'y. 


F.  F.  GRUNINGER, 
Wholesalp:  Lumber,  Shingles  and  Cements,  Omaha,  Nek. 

Omaha,  Neb.,  April  9,  1896. 
Commercial  Wood  and  Cement  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Gentlemen— I  am  pleased  to  inform  you  that  I  just  received 
a  visit  from  Mr.  Daley,  to  whom  I  gave  four  barrels  of  "Saylor's 
Portland  Cement"  and  tests  of  which  were  made  by  him  in  some 
large  water  tanks  for  the  city.  Mr.  Daley  said  that  one  large 
tank  was  made  and  cemented  wnth  the  "Saylor's"  and  another 
with  the  best  English  Portland  they  could  get,  but,  upon  testing 
them  with  water,  they  find  that  the  one  made  of  "Saylor's"  is 
perfectly  hard  and  holds  water  in  good  shape,  while  the  other, 
made  of  English  Cement,  is  as  loose  as  a  basket  and  will  not  hold 
water. 

The  city  engineer  is  more  than  pleased  with  the  results  and 
has  agreed  to  specify  this  cement  on  all  city  work.  There  were 
two  and  a  half  barrels  used  in  the  first  tank,  thus  leaving  one  and 
a  half,  which  they  are  going  to  take  and  reline  the  tank  which 
was  cemented  with  the  English  cement  and  give  the  "Saylor's" 
further  test.  I  am  well  pleased  with  the  outcome  of  this  and  am 
going  to  push  the  sale  of  this  cement  vigorously,  and  think  that 
the  price  now  will  not  make  any  difference  as  it  did  as  they  know 
it  is  the  best  cement  on  the  market. 

Yours  trul}^ 

F.  F.  Gruninger. 


KEELING,  RIDGE  &  CO., 
General  Contractors. 

Pittsburg,  Pa.,  February  2,  1891. 
Gentlemen — We  have  used  your  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement" 
for  several  years,  and  are  now  using  it  in  the  construction  of  a 
large  brick  and  stone  sewer  at  Homewood  for  this  city.  We  pre- 
fer it  to  any  imported  cement  we  have  ever  used,  and  cheerfully 
recommend  it  to  anyone  wanting  a  first-class  Portland  Cement. 

Very  truly. 

Keeling,  Ridge  &  Co. 


86 


CONCRETE  SEA  WALL  AND  LANDING  STEPS,  LEAGUE  ISLAND 
NAVY  YARD. 
Built  of  Saylor's  Portland  Cement. 

CIVIL  ENGINEER'S  OFFICE, 

Department  of  Yards  and  Docks,  U.  S.  Navy  Yard. 

League  Island,  Philadelphia,  September  22,  1893. 
Dear  Sir — Mr.  F.  C.  Arthur,  the  contractor  for  constructing 
159  lineal  feet  of  protection  wall  at  this  Navy  Yard,  presented 
for  testing,  prior  to  use  in  the  concrete  part  of  his  contract,  345 
barrels  of  "Saylor's  American  Portland  Cement"  as  required  by 
the  specifications  of  his  contract.  The  cement  to  have  a  tensile 
strength  of  not  less  than  425  pounds  per  square  inch  at  the  end 
of  seven  days.  A  test  sample  was  taken  from  every  fifth  barrel 
as  unloaded  by  the  contractor  and  made  up  in  test  lots  of  five 
briquettes  each.  All  the  lots  passed  the  limit,  and  have  been 
used  exclusively  in  the  construction  of  the  concrete  wall. 
Very  respectfully, 

C.  C.  WoLCOTT   C.  E.,  U.  S.  N. 

In  Charge  of  Engineering  Work. 


87 


CAMDEN  IRON  WORKS. 
R.  D.  Wood  &  Co.,  Proprietors. 

Camden,  N.  J.,  October  i,  1893. 
Commercial  Wood  and  Ceme7it  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Gentlemen — In  reply  to  your  request  in  regard  to  "  Saylor's 
Portland  Cement"  that  you  furnished  the  Camden  Iron  Works, 
would  say  that  it  exceeds  in  quality  and  fineness  any  cement  I 
ever  used,  giving  even  better  results  than  you  guaranteed. 

Having  had  occasion  two  months  after  the  concrete  was 
placed  in  the  ground  to  excavate  along-side  of  it,  and  to  dig  into 
it  for  some  detail  work,  I  was  surprised  at  the  strength  of  the 
concrete,  in  that,  when  cutting  it  off,  the  cement  was  strong 
enough  to  break  the  Conshohocken  Stone  that  composed  it, 
instead  of  drawing  out  as  is  usually  the  case,  and  instead  of 
crushing  and  crumbling  the  cement  and  sand  part  of  it  broke  off 
the  same  as  stone,  viz. — with  sharp,  clean  edges. 

The  foundation,  before  mentioned,  is  loaded  very  heavily, 
and  is  liable  at  any  time  to  receive  a  falling  load  of  1200  tons  in 
addition  to  its  dead  load,  therefore  it  is  very  gratifying  to  know 
that  the  cement  from  which  the  concrete  is  made  and  with  which 
the  masonry  is  laid  is  the  best  that  can  be  obtained. 

You  may  rest  assured  that  in  future  I  shall  insist  in  all  my 
specifications  that  "Saylor's  American  Portland  Cement"  be 
used  in  preference  to  all  others.  Very  truly, 

S.  F.  Adams,  Engineer . 

Camden  Iron  Works. 


WESTERN  PENITENTIARY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Alleghany,  Pa.,  July  26,  1882. 
Gentlemen — We  have  used  in  the  foundations  and  super- 
structure of  our  new  buildings  at  Riverside  "Saylor's  Portland 
Cement,"  which  has  given  entire  satisfaction,  and  we  consider 
it,  from  tests  made,  fully  equal  to  the  best  foreign  cements.  A 
briquette  of  two  square  inches  after  having  been  submerged  six 
months  showed  a  tensile  strength  of  1000  pounds,  or  500  pounds 
to  the  sectional  inch.  Yours  truly, 

S.  S.  Ferguson, 

Engineer . 


88 


HUDSON  TUNNEL  CONSTRUCTION  CO. 

New  York,  February  27,  1883. 
Dear  Sirs — In  the  construction  of  our  tunnel  thus  far  we 
have  used  many  thousand  barrels  of  your  "Saylor's  Portland 
Cement,"  and  have  universally  found  it  equal  to  the  best  brands 
of  foreign  cement.  In  fact,  we  ask  for  nothing  better,  and  shall 
continue  its  use  where  a  superior  quality  of  cement  is  required. 
We  can  show  you  excellent  samples  of  its  strength  and  general 
character  at  any  time.  Trusting  you  may  furnish  as  good  an 
article  in  the  future  as  in  the  past,  I  beg  to  remain, 

Yours  respectfully,  CD.  Haskin, 

Manas;er. 

S.  E.  MOORE, 

Bricklayer  and  Builder, 
1029  Filbert  Street. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  January  17,  1891. 
Gentlemen — We  have  used  6000  barrels  of  ''Saylor's  Port- 
land Cement"  during  the  past  year  in  constructing  the  new 
County  Prison  at   Holmesburg   Junction,   Philadelphia.  The 
cement  was  entirely  satisfactory  in  every  respect. 

Very  truly  yours,  S.  E.  Moore. 

I.   H.   HATHAWAY  &  CO., 

Bridge  Contractors,  Etc. 
Girard  Building,  Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  4,  1893. 
Gentlemen — Answering  your  communication  as  to  how  the 
"Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  you  have  shipped  us  for  the  past 
two  or  three  years  has  turned  out,  would  say  that  we  have  used 
it  on  government,  municipal  and  private  work,  and  in  every  case 
we  found  it  to  pass  all  tests  required. 

We  are  now  using  this  cement  to  build  a  large  distillery 
plant  at  Eddington,  Pa.    We  can  cheerfully  recommend  this 
cement  for  any  work  where  the  best  Portland  Cement  is  required. 
Very  truly  yours, 

I.  H.  Hathaway  &  Co. 


89 

HADLEY  &  BARBER, 
General  Contractors. 

Canton,  Ohio,  April  9,  1896. 
Com7nercial  Wood  and  Cement  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Gentlemen— Answering  your  inquiry  as  to  the  "  Saylor's 
Portland  Cement"  used  on  the  work  at  Ashtabula,  Ohio,  would 
say  that  we  used  upwards  of  1000  barrels  of  this  brand  of 
cement  for  grouting  the  brick  pavements  at  that  place  last  sea- 
son, and  it  gives  us  pleasure  to  state  that  the  cement  gave  us 
excellent  satisfaction. 

We  regard  the  "  Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  as  a  high  grade, 
thoroughly  reliable  cement.  We  would  cheerfully  recommend 
it  to  anyone  having  use  for  Portland  Cement  in  this  line  of 
business.  Yours  truly, 

Hadley  &  Barber. 


A.  L.  FRAME, 
Coal,  Lime,  Cement,  Etc. 

Reading,  Pa.,  January  27,  1896. 
Gentlemen — I  used  your  "Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  on 
work  done  for  the  City  of  Reading  during  1895,  and  it  has  given 
such  entire  satisfaction  that  I  shall  continue  using  it  on  future 
contracts  that  I  may  receive.  Respectfully  yours, 

A.  L.  Frame. 


Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  April  i,  1896. 
Commercial  Wood  and  Cement  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Gentlemen— Answering  your  favor  of  the  28th  inst.,  we  are 
glad  to  say  that  all  the  work  done  with  the  "Saylor's  Portland 
Cement"  you  have  been  shipping  us  for  the  past  three  years  is 
in  excellent  condition.  We  have  placed  this  cement  in  the  most 
particular  work  done  in  this  section  and  guaranteed  it  equal  to 
anything  on  the  market.  We  have  never  had  a  complaint  of  any 
sort,  the  cement  having  given  the  best  satisfaction.  We  antici- 
pate a  large  sale  for  it  this  year.  Very  truly  yours, 

Miller  &  Stein, 


9° 


91 

JOHN  ATKINSON, 
Bricklayer,  Builder  and  Contractor, 
Office,  1327  Buttonwood  Street. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  July  12,  1892. 

Gentlemen — In  reply  to  your  favor  of  even  date,  would  say 
that  I  used  several  thousand  barrels  of  your  "Saylor's  Portland 
Cement"  last  summer  in  making  the  concrete  foundations  of  the 
Reading  Railroad  terminal's  new  train  shed,  and  am  at  present 
using  it  in  large  quantities  for  the  brick  work  in  the  Main  Station 
at  Twelfth  and  Market  Streets. 

I  used  several  different  brands  of  cement  on  this  work,  but 
consider  the  Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  received  from  you  one 
of  the  highest  grades  of  Portland  Cement  manufactured,  and 
the  most  satisfactory  brand  I  have  ever  used. 

Last  year  I  used  2500  barrels  of  it  at  Glen  Mills,  Pa.,  on  the 
House  of  Refuge,  and  3000  barrels  at  Mt.  Airy,  Philadelphia,  on 
the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum. 

Yours  truly, 

John  Atkinson. 


FRANKLIN  M.  HARRIS  &  CO., 
Mason  Builders,  1611  Filbert  Street. 

Philadelphia,  May  12,  1894. 
To  Whom  it  May  Concern — The  manufacturers  of  "Say- 
lor's Portland  Cement"  were  the  only  parties  that  would  guar- 
antee their  cement  to  pass  the  requirements  of  the  specifications 
for  cement  to  be  used  in  the  concrete  foundations  of  the  Harrison 
Block,  Tenth  and  Filbert  Streets. 

The  specifications  called  for  a  cement  to  be  ground  so  fin© 
that  seventy-five  per  cent,  would  pass  through  a  sieve  with  40,000 
meshes  per  square  inch.  This  cement  being  an  American  Port- 
land, it  is  worth  noting  that  the  importers  of  both  English  and 
German  cements  were  asked  to  bid  on  these  specifications. 

Very  truly  yours, 
*  F.  M.  Harris  &  Co. 


92 

Tests  on  Commercial  Portland  Cement 

Test  made  by  Booth,  Garrett  &  Blair,  Phila- 
delphia, for  Charles  McCaul  on  Commercial  Port- 
land Cement,"  supplied  for  People's  Traction  Com- 
pany's power  house,  Ogontz,  Philadelphia,  March 
22,  1895. 

SEVEN  DAY  TENSILE  TEST. 

NEAT.  TWO  PARTS  SAND  TO  ONE  PART  CEMENT. 

330  lbs.  143  lbs. 

350    "  160  " 

300    "  153 

300    "  158  " 

"  157  " 

Average  . .  .322  lbs.  Average  154  lbs. 


Test  made  on  Commercial  Portland,'*  Car 
L.  V.  72,  shipped  to  Melody  &  Keating,  April  i, 
1895. 

SEVEN  DAYS.  ONE  MONTH. 

Neat   378  lbs.  494  lbs. 

I  Cement  to  2  Sand   138  "  210  " 

I  Cement  to  3  Sand   98  "  177  " 


93 


MELODY  &  KEATING, 
Bricklayers  and  Builders,  No.  2118  Diamond  Street. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  i,  1895. 
Gentlemen — We  have  used  about  2500  barrels  of  your  "  Com- 
mercial Portland  Cement"  in  the  foundations  of  the  Electric 
Traction  Car  Shed  at  Kensington  Aventie  and  Cumberland 
Street  and  found  the  same  to  be  a  quick-setting,  strong  cement 
and  proved  satisfactory  in  every  respect. 

Yours  truly. 

Melody  &  Keating. 


J.  C.  BURWELL, 

Coal,  Lime,  Sand,  Cement,  Gravel,   Etc.,  Winsted,  Conn. 

Winsted,  Conn.,  January  15,  1895. 
Gentlemen — Replying  to  your  favor  of  even  date,  we  are 
glad  to  say  that  the  "Commercial  Portland  Cement"  you  have 
shipped  us  from  time  to  time  during  the  past  has  been  just  as 
guaranteed  by  you,  and  we  have  found  it  fully  equal  to  the  for- 
eign cements. 

Your  "Commercial  Rosendale"  has  also  given  our  trade 
good  satisfaction. 

Very  truly  yours, 

J.    C.  BURWELL. 


THE  FAWCETT  VENTILATED  FIREPROOF 
BUILDING  CO.,  Limited. 
No.  104  South  Twelfth  Street. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  14,  1894. 
Gentlemen — Answering  your  favor  would  say  that  we  have 
used  a  large  quantity  of  your  "Commercial  Portland  Cement"  in 
making  the  cement  floor  arches  in  the  new  ten-story  "Lorraine" 
Apartment  House,  at  Broad  and  Fairmount  Avenues,  where  the 
Fawcet  System  of  FireprooYing  was  used  exclusively.  Our  engi- 
neer has  tested  this  cement  very  thoroughly  and  we  find  it  to  be 
a  first-class  article. 

Very  truly  yours. 
The  Fawcett  Ventilated  Fireproof  Building  Co.,  Ltd. 


94 

Testing  Laboratories  of  Lathbury  &  Anderson, 
No.  1319  Filbert  Street, 

Philadelphia,  June  25,  1895. 

Report  of  test  of  Commercial  Portland 
Cement."  Average  sample  from  lot  of  100  barrels 
in  L.  V.  Car  No.  7665,  at  Carpenter  Street  and  Gray's 
Ferry  Road.  Reported  to  Commercial  Wood  and 
Cement  Company,  Philadelphia. 


SEVEN  DAY  TENSILE  TESTS. 


NEAT. 

TWO  SAND  TO  ONE 

CEMENT. 

Briquette  No.  1240. . 

..387  lbs. 

Briquette  No.  1245. 

...166  lbs. 

1241.. 

..370  " 

"         "  1246. 

...141  " 

"  1242.. 

..326 

"  1247. 

...136  " 

1243.. 

..380  " 

"  1248. 

...144  " 

"  1244.. 

..373  " 

"  1249. 

...163  " 

Average .  .  .  . 

,  .  367  lbs. 

Average ,  ,  , 

.  ,  ,  150  lbs. 

TWENTY-EIGHT  DAY 

TENSILE  TESTS. 

NEAT. 

TWO  SAND  TO  ONE 

CEMENT. 

Briquette  No.  1250. . 

. .  596  lbs. 

Briquette  No.  1255. 

. . .  250  lbs. 

"  1251.. 

..590  " 

"         "  1256. 

...265  " 

"             1252. . 

..589  " 

"  1257. 

...266  " 

1253.. 

..578  " 

"  1258. 

.\.279  " 

"  1254.. 

..599  " 

"  1259 

...258  " 

Average,  ,  ,  , 

.  .  590  lbs. 

Average.  .  . 

,  ,  ,  263  lbs. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Lathbury  &  Anderson. 


95 


HUGH  McINNES, 

Dealer  in  Building  Material. 

Yard  and  Office,  No.  1328  North  Ninth  Street. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  May  17,  1894. 
Gentlemen — I  have  used  your  "Commercial  Portland  Ce- 
ment" for  the  last  four  years  and  have  sold  it  in  all  cases  for 
inside  cellar  floors,  and  would  say  further  that  to  my  knowledge 
I  never  had  a  barrel  returned  or  one  word  of  complaint.  Found 
it  superior  for  cellar  work  or  cement  floors  to  very  much  of  the 
foreign  cement. 

Very  truly  yours, 

Hugh  McInnes. 

CHARLES  W.  ENGLISH. 
Lumber  and  Building  Materials. 

MoNTCLAiR,  N.  J.,  July  30,  1891. 
Gentlemen — I   have  been   supplying  my  trade  with  the 
"Commercial  Brand  of  Portland  Cement"  for  some  time  and 
have  yet  to  hear  of  the  first  complaint,  it  having  given  good  sat- 
isfaction. 

Your  respectfully, 

Charles  W.  English. 


HUGH  H.  O'NEILL, 

Mason  and  Contractor. 

Jenkintown,  Pa.,  September  15,  1892. 
Commercial  Wood  and  Cement  Co.,  Philadelphia. 

Gentlemen — Answering  your  favor  of  the  13th  inst.,  would 
say  the  "Anchor"  Cement  you  shipped  me  last  month  was  used 
in  setting  the  brick  work  for  the  new  stand  pipe  for  the  Jenkin- 
town Water  Co.  The  car  of  "Commercial  Portland"  was  used 
in  the  concrete  foundations  for  the  stand  pipe. 

These  cements  have  given  excellent  satisfaction  and  I  will 
continue  to  use  and  recommend  them. 

Yours  truly, 

Hugh  H.  O'Neill. 


96 


STONE  DAM,    AT  READING  PAPER  MILLS. 
Built  with  Saylor's  Portland  Cement. 


\VM.  H.  DECHANT,  C.  E. 

Reading,  Pa.,  June  26,  1893. 

Gentlemen — Your  letter  of  December  10  to  Geo.  F.  Baer,  President  Reading 
Paper  Mills,  was  referred  to  me.  I  have  deferred  an  answer  until  now  so  that  the 
result  of  actual  trial  could  be  given. 

We  used  your  Saylor's  Portland  Cement "  in  building  the  Tulpehocken  Dam 
for  the  Reading  Paper  Mills  last  year,  the  last  for  the  top  part  of  the  dam  being 
used  about  the  20th  of  November,  making  the  age  of  the  cement  work  named  seven 
months.  I  have  taken  pieces  of  this  cement  from  the  top  of  the  dam  and  tested  it 
for  tensile  strength,  and  find  the  cement  mixed  with  the  sharp  sand  used  in  the 
work  in  the  proportion  of  i  to  i  to  average  416  lbs.  per  square  inch.  We  tested  the 
same  cement  and  sand  while  the  dam  was  being  built  and  the  average  of  five 
briquettes,  three  weeks  old,  show  a  strength  of  252  lus.  per  square  inch.  The  two 
tests  compared  show  a  strengthening  increase  of  61  per  cent,  in  seven  months.  I'he 
"  Saylor's  Portland  Cement"  has  given  us  very  good  satisfaction,  and  we  hope  you 
will  have  no  difficulty  in  keeping  up  its  high  record. 

Very  truly  yours, 

Wm.  H.  Dechant,  C.  E. 


